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91.
Geoffrey L. Brown Brent A. McBride Kelly K. Bost Nana Shin 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2011,32(6):313
This study examined how child temperament was related to parents' time spent accessible to and interacting with their 2-year-olds. Bivariate analyses indicated that both fathers and mothers spent more time with temperamentally challenging children than easier children on workdays, but fathers spent less time with challenging children than easier children on non-workdays. After accounting for work hours, some associations between temperament and fathers' workday involvement dropped to non-significance. For fathers, work hours also moderated the relation between irregular temperament and workday play. For mothers, work hours moderated the relation between both difficult and irregular temperament and workday interaction. Mothers also spent more time with girls (but not boys) who were temperamentally irregular. Results speak to the influence of child temperament on parenting behavior, and the differential construction of parenting roles as a function of child characteristics and patterns of work. 相似文献
92.
Daphne Blunt Bugental Amelia Silbert-Geiger 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2010,106(1):30-40
Parental investment (involving time or money invested in 3-year-olds) and child health were assessed as an outcome of (a) children’s risk status (preterm vs. full-term birth) and (b) maternal resources (defined here in terms of their problem-solving skills in resolving caregiving challenges). Resources were varied systematically as a function of maternal participation in a traditional home visitation program versus a novel cognitively enhanced program that facilitated parenting skills more successfully. As predicted, mothers in the traditional home visitation condition invested preferentially in low-risk children, whereas mothers in the cognitively enhanced condition invested preferentially in high-risk children (who, in turn, showed maximal health benefits). Maternal investment of time in care provision mediated the relationship between predictor variables and children’s health. This pattern supports an evolutionary model of parental investment in which parents show discriminative solicitude based on the reproductive potential of the child and parents’ access to relevant resources. 相似文献
93.
94.
Arya Awale Christian S. Chan Gerry T. S. Ho 《European journal of social psychology》2019,49(5):857-870
Unwillingness for contact with outgroup members is a form of prejudice. In two studies, we tested the proposition that perceived competence has an indirect effect on willingness for intergroup contact through its effect on realistic threat, and that perceived warmth moderates this relationship. In Study 1, Hong Kong students (N = 144) rated the perceived warmth and competence of an outgroup, Mainland Chinese students, as well as the extent to which they perceived the group as presenting a realistic threat, and willingness for contact with them. In Study 2 (N = 205), we attempted to manipulate the warmth (high vs. low) and competence (high vs. low) of an unfamiliar outgroup, and tested the effects on realistic threat and willingness for intergroup contact. In both studies, we found an interaction effect between warmth and competence in the prediction of realistic threat. When the outgroup was perceived as warm, competence was found to have a negative association with realistic threat (Study 1), whereas when the outgroup was perceived as lacking warmth, competence was found to have a positive association with realistic threat (Study 2). In both studies, perceived warmth moderated the indirect effect of perceived competence on willingness for intergroup contact. Implications for the role of warmth and competence stereotypes in threat perception and prejudice are discussed. 相似文献
95.
如何有效地引导个体“慷慨解囊”一直是理论和实践都关注的热点。基于道德基础理论和刻板印象内容模型, 研究考察了在不同社会知觉(温暖型vs.能力型)的劝捐主体中, 两种道德诉求方式(个体人道诉求vs.群体规范诉求)对劝捐效果的影响及其内在机制。3个实验的结果显示:温暖型(能力型)劝捐主体与个体人道诉求(群体规范诉求)更为契合, 更有利于提升劝捐效果; 温暖型劝捐主体进行个体人道诉求主要通过唤起个体的自我效能而提升劝捐效果, 而能力型劝捐主体进行群体规范诉求则主要通过增强个体的反应效能而提升劝捐效果。 相似文献
96.
This study examined exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), a major public health problem. ETS has been found to be
associated with an increased risk of adverse health effects in children. This study utilizes data from a community-based,
longitudinal investigation examining the relation between children’s exposure to ETS and later internalizing symptoms and
externalizing behaviors. Interviews were administered to a representative community sample of participants from two New York
State counties in 1983, with subsequent interviews in 1985–1986, 1992, 1997, and 2002–2003 (when the participants’ mean age
was 32). Data was collected on various personality and behavioral characteristics of the participants, and on internalizing
symptoms and externalizing behaviors demonstrated by their children. Results indicated that children’s exposure to ETS was
associated with an increased risk for both internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors. This relationship was maintained
despite control on a number of parental psychosocial risk factors (e.g., demographic variables, personality and behavioral
attributes) that have been found to be associated with both parental cigarette smoking and behavior problems among children.
These data, which indicate an association between exposure to ETS and internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors among
children, support public health policies to further restrict children’s exposure to ETS. 相似文献
97.
Stelios N. Georgiou 《Social Psychology of Education》2008,11(3):213-227
The aim of this study was to propose and test a theory-driven model describing the network of effects existing between parental
style and child involvement in bullying incidents at school. The participants were 377 Greek Cypriot children (mean age 11.6)
and their mothers. It was found that a line of influence exists between maternal responsiveness, over-protection and child
victimization experiences at school. Also, responsiveness predicted low scores of child bullying behaviour. Permissive mothers
(who by definition are high in responsiveness) had children with the highest mean score in victimization experience compared
with mothers who function under the other three parental styles.
相似文献
Stelios N. GeorgiouEmail: |
98.
This study investigated the relationship between child anxiety, parental anxiety, and perceived current parental rearing practices, using a multiple informants approach, that is, by aggregating the perception of the child, parent and partner on parental rearing behaviors. Unselected children aged 9–12 (n=75) and both their biological parents filled in the SCARED-C to measure child anxiety, and parents completed the SCARED-A to measure parental anxiety. In addition, child report, parental self-report, and partner report of the rearing dimensions “autonomy-encouragement versus overprotection”, “acceptance versus rejection”, and “psychological control” of both parents was assessed. Results showed that the homogeneity of some rearing dimensions using a single informant was insufficient, but sufficient when using multiple informants. Inter-informant agreement was low (M=0.29). Three-informants' aggregates yielded good generalizability (M=0.54), and the generalizability of six-informants' aggregates (combining both parents) was impressive (M=0.76). Using multiple informants, parental autonomy granting versus overprotection was substantially related to child anxiety (r=−0.41, p<0.001), as well as to parental anxiety (r=−0.45, p<0.001). More precisely, paternal autonomy–overprotection was predominantly related to child anxiety, whereas maternal autonomy–overprotection was predominantly related to maternal anxiety. Acceptance versus rejection and psychological control were only modestly related to child and parental anxiety. 相似文献
99.
Ana I. F. Pereira Cristina Canavarro Margarida F. Cardoso Denisa Mendonça 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):454-464
The majority of studies investigating the effects of parental behaviour on the child’s adjustment have a dimensional approach.
We identified the existence of various patterns in parental rearing styles and analysed the relationship between different
parenting patterns and behavioural problems in a group of school-aged children. A longitudinal, multi-informant study was
conducted. The sample consisted of 519 school-aged children from the Portuguese general population. Parental rearing styles
were measured using the EMBU-C, a questionnaire that evaluates children’s perception of parental rearing dimensions. The assessment
of child behavioural problems included the evaluation of internalizing and externalizing problems, and data from multiple
reporters (parents and teacher). One year later, after a school transition, the adjustment of a sub-sample of 220 children
was evaluated again. Cluster analysis identified four types of parental rearing styles: low support, supportive-controller,
rejecting-controller, and supportive. In both assessment periods, low support and rejecting-controller parenting patterns
showed higher levels of behavioural problems than the supportive and supportive-controller parenting patterns. These patterns
show significant differences between them regarding behavioural problems and have a higher predictive value regarding externalizing
problems (versus internalizing problems). 相似文献
100.
We investigate maternal attitudes toward corporal punishment and the attribution of blame to the child on the basis of data
gathered from a population survey of a representative sample of mothers and mother figures. A total of 3,148 women living
at least half of the time with a child participated in a telephone survey. The independent variables included in the multivariate
model predicting maternal attitudes and attributions include the child’s, the mother’s and the family’s characteristics and
social support. Results of the multiple regression analysis demonstrate the unique contribution of variables according to
the mother’s characteristics (mother’s sensitivity to the consequences of violence, mother’s experience of childhood violence
and parental stress related to child’s temperament). These results partially support the importance of prevention programs
that would reduce stress and increase the level of parental empathy through the means of parental training. 相似文献