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41.
Bobbi R. Walling Rosemary S. L. Mills Wendy S. Freeman 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(5):642-659
Psychological control is a pattern of parenting that is intrusive and manipulative of children's thoughts, feelings, and attachment
to parents. Although little is known about the determinants of psychological control, it has been linked to the psychological
status of the parent. We hypothesized that several parenting cognitions reflecting personal concerns would be associated with
the use of psychological control: low perceived control, sensitivity to hurt, and a disapproving attitude to negative emotion.
We also examined moderating associations with child temperament and child gender. Participants were 198 mothers and fathers
of 3- and 4-year-olds (106 boys, 92 girls; M age = 4.10 years, SD = 0.26). Parents completed self- and spouse-report measures of psychological control, rated their child's temperamental characteristics,
and completed measures of parenting cognitions. Predictions were generally supported for two of the three cognitions. Sensitivity
to hurt and disapproval of negative emotion were associated with more frequent reported use of psychological control. There
were some moderating effects of child characteristics. 相似文献
42.
This study explored the psychometric properties of the Parent Problem Checklist (PPC), a measure of parental conflict over child‐rearing issues. Participants were a clinical sample of 391 parents of children aged 0–18 years presenting at a university paediatric psychology clinic for intervention in relation to their child's behavioural or emotional problems. Exploratory factor analysis was done on the PPC Extent scale. It provided support for a revised three‐factor model including dimensions of consistency in discipline, child care, and family processes. Modifications that could enhance the measures are discussed. The present results have implications for examining different aspects of parent conflict, and the assessment of parenting conflict in clinical practice. The PPC provides a valid and reliable means of assessing interparent conflict about child behaviour and parenting. Directions for further research are highlighted. 相似文献
43.
Communally organized, as opposed to bureaucratically organized, schools are expected to provide significant advantages to
students in terms of their cognitive and social growth. However, for students to avail themselves of these benefits, they
need to experience school as a community. One factor that may influence whether students view their school as a functional
community is the kind of teacher–student and peer interactions they observe or personally experience. This study examines
the effects of positive and negative interracial interactions on whether students sense that their school is a community.
Analysis of a large sample of elementary and secondary schools in a major urban school district show that positive interracial
interactions contribute to students’ sense of school community while negative actions inhibit that sense.
相似文献
Maureen T. HallinanEmail: |
44.
45.
许多企业采用人工智能服务应答顾客需求,然而多项研究指出用户并不总是对此感到满意。本研究围绕着用户对AI的心灵知觉的产生和影响,探索了驱动用户对AI服务态度的关键因素及使用促进策略,包括(1)机理分析层面:用户与AI早期接触的线索和体验因素如何使得人们产生了AI“擅长计算却缺乏感受”的心灵知觉?(2)调节作用层面:不同的用户内部状态和AI外部特征怎样调节了这种心灵知觉的形成和激活?(3)促进策略层面:将AI拟动物化和提供技术援助为何能借助心灵知觉使得用户在更广泛的场景中接受来自AI的服务?本研究试图在学理层面构建一个基于心灵知觉理论的新型AI服务接受模型,为从理论上解释用户对AI服务的矛盾态度提供心理学参考;同时试图在实践层面上借助心灵知觉理论提出两种促进用户接受AI服务的路径方法,为企业在服务中提升AI的应用效能提供技术参考。 相似文献
46.
Joseph C. Carroll 《Aggressive behavior》1977,3(3):289-299
This paper examines the contention that family violence is passed down from generation to generation. The sample was primarily nonclinical and was composed of 14 clients of community guidance clinics and 82 members of a randomly selected control group. The primary hypothesis that individuals who are exposed to a high degree of physical punishment as children are more likely to resort to family violence as adults was supported. Studies of the modeling of aggression were examined to suggest factors which may mediate the hypothesized relationship. It was found that respondents who had grown up in an environment characterized by either low family warmth or high stress in combination with exposure to a high degree of parental punishment were more likely to use physical punishment in their own families. Also, family violence was more likely to be transmitted in same-sex rather than cross-sex linkages. 相似文献
47.
Mothers living in areas exposed to ongoing military conflict are at higher risk for psychological difficulties, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, than those not living in such areas. The aim of this two-part exploratory study was twofold. The first aim was to examine differences between mothers who grew up under ongoing military conflict in childhood and mothers who did not grow up in affected areas in terms of their levels of differentiation of self and parental self-efficacy (PSE). The second aim was to identify and describe the parenting experiences of mothers who were exposed to military conflict in childhood. In Part 1 of the study, the sample included 120 mothers (half of whom reported on being exposed to ongoing military conflict in childhood). Findings showed that mothers exposed to ongoing military conflict in childhood reported lower levels of differentiation of self and PSE than their counterparts. In Part 2, 10 mothers who were exposed to ongoing military conflict as children were interviewed about their experience as parents and their PSE. Results indicated that the mothers felt their childhood experiences affected their parenting and PSE negatively, resulting in anxiety, difficulty dealing with stress and sometimes posttraumatic symptoms as well as parental patterns of overprotectiveness, separation anxiety and intergenerational transmission of anxiety. The results highlight the consequences of exposure to ongoing military conflict during childhood on levels of differentiation of self and parenting practices. 相似文献
48.
Parental attitude questionnaires such as the Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) are still in use despite their inherent difficulties. In light of the need to test theoretical models by measuring a range of parental characteristics, the properties of the PARI were re-examined and, on the basis of a factor analysis of the 23 subtests of the PARI, a shortened version was constructed. A measure of maternal Authoritarian Control, which was found to be associated with measures of maternal mental ability, personality, level of education, reading age, number of adverse family conditions and child-rearing practices, has proved useful for other projects related to this ongoing study. It is recommended that such instruments be used only in conjunction with other measures which examine the family environment, for example in an index of child-rearing practices. 相似文献
49.
Personal warmth, arguably a strong trait in the makeup of psychological health, seems to fade in conceptual importance at
midlife. In contrast, ideas of interiority and androgyny appear to gain conceptual importance at midlife. The present study
sought to rebalance these foci by determining the predictive power of personal warmth for psychological health of men and
women at age 50: first, by developing separate California Psychological Inventory (CPI) scales to assess personal warmth;
next, by joining these warmth scales with the 20 standard CPI scales to predict psychological health. Without the personal
warmth scale, the standard CPI scales do not significantly predict psychological health for men; for women, the standard scales
do. For both genders, the personal warmth scales add significantly to the predictability of psychological health. The results
point to an amendment of current theoretical formulations of interiority and androgyny to better understand optimal psychological
development in men and women at midlife. 相似文献
50.
Lambrianos Nikiforidis Kristina M. Durante Joseph P. Redden Vladas Griskevicius 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2018,28(1):149-156
Do parents favor some children over others? The overwhelming majority of parents state that they treat their children equally, but parents rarely track their spending on each child. We investigate in four studies whether mothers and fathers favor specific children depending on the biological sex of the child. Evidence from the field, laboratory, and community (online panel) showed that parents exhibit systematic biases when forced to choose between spending on sons and daughters. Mothers consistently favored daughters, whereas fathers consistently favored sons. For example, parents were more likely to choose a real prize and give a real U.S. Treasury bond to the child of the same sex as themselves. These parenting biases were found in two different cultures and appear to be driven by parents identifying more strongly with children of the same sex as the parent. 相似文献