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161.
Aggression,anger and hostility: Evaluation of moral disengagement as a mediational process
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Fernando Rubio‐Garay Miguel A. Carrasco Pedro J. Amor 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2016,57(2):129-135
This study examines how the mechanisms underlying moral disengagement serve as a mediator between anger and hostility and physical and verbal aggression. The study was carried out on 424 participants (61.1% females), aged 15 to 25 years, assessing the direct and indirect effects of the distinct variables using a hierarchical multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that anger and hostility contribute independently and positively to physical and verbal aggression. Moreover, the relationships between anger, hostility, and aggression appear to be mediated by moral disengagement. Indeed, this process of mediation was invariant across sexes, and it tended to be stronger for physical – as opposed to verbal – aggression. 相似文献
162.
Tom Buchanan 《Aggressive behavior》1999,25(3):179-184
In an attempt to clarify the nature of the construct measured by the Hostility subscale of Zuckerman and Lubin's [(1985): Educational and Industrial Testing Service] revised Multiple Affective Adjective Checklist (MAACL‐R), 104 undergraduates completed the MAACL‐R and the Aggression Questionnaire [Buss AH, Perry M. 1992. J Pers Soc Psychol 63:452–459]. Scores on the MAACL‐R Hostility subscale were found to be related to the Aggression Questionnaire subscales of Physical and Verbal Aggressiveness but not its Hostility subscale. It is concluded that although the MAACL‐R reflects some aspect(s) of aggressiveness, it may not be the best instrument for the measurement of hostility. Aggr. Behav. 25:179–184, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
163.
This study describes the use of a “cooperative” computer game in which the subject has to follow directions, supposedly sent from a partner, and steer a tank to avoid invisible mines. The tank is lost if it hits a mine or does not reach base within a set time limit. The game was designed so that the majority of trials would be lost. Affective (mood self-ratings), cognitive (attribution of blame questionnaire), and behavioural (feedback sent to the “partner”) outcomes were assessed. The game significantly increased ratings of discontentedness and anger. Self-blame for task failure was correlated with the Guilt subscale of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), and blaming the partner was correlated positively with the Motor Aggression subscale and negatively with the empathy scale of the I7, supporting the notion of hostile attributional bias in adults. The importance of individual differences in the strength of the behavioural inhibition system (BIS) and behavioural activation system (BAS) were explored using the BIS/BAS scales developed by Carver and White [1994]. Sending negative feedback to the partner was negatively correlated with scores on the BIS. Scores on BAS drive were positively correlated with increases in discontentedness and with sending negative feedback on trials when the tank was lost due to lack of time. These results are discussed in relation to Berkowitz's [1993] model of affective aggression. Aggr. Behav. 24:27–36, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
164.
We examined sex differences in the prevalence, incidence, reasons for, and consequences of infidelity. Participants (Study
1, 543 undergraduates in the Northwestern US; Study 2, 313 undergraduates and 233 community members in the Mid-Atlantic US),
reported on infidelity by questionnaire. Using a broad definition of cheating, women reported being as unfaithful or more
unfaithful than men. Men were more suspicious about cheating and more likely to discover the cheating than women. Women were
more likely to break up with their partners, to begin new relationships after cheating, and to report reasons for cheating
that may indicate a desire to switch long-term mates, such as being unhappy in the current relationship. Results are discussed
in the context of evolutionary theory. 相似文献
165.
The present study was designed to examine whether parents’ views of their child’s academic competencies are structured by
gendered conceptions of abilities. In a longitudinal research design, a group of parents (N = 391) were asked to assess their third-grade child’s competence in mathematics and Finnish and to respond to a set of attitude
statements; when the child reached the fifth grade, the parents were asked to reassess his/her competencies. It was found
that the influence of the gender stereotype was partly domain-specific: The stereotype concerning Finnish organized the parental
competence assessments as early as the child’s third grade and also predicted the assessments made about the child over the
next two grades, whereas the stereotype concerning mathematics only predicted the assessments made as late as the fifth grade.
In the Finnish competence assessments, the gender stereotype moderated the overall gender-of-the-child effect, whereas in
the mathematics competence assessments, the gender-of-the-child effect was evinced only by the parent group that endorsed
the gender stereotype. Culture-bound gender expectations and attitudes toward the expectations are significant, then, for
parents’ assessments of their child’s competencies as early as the elementary school years. 相似文献
166.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined how 7-13-year-old children with and without overweight respond to free access to snack food in the absence of hunger and whether this eating behaviour could be predicted by parental feeding strategies and child's characteristics. METHODS: A total of 52 children (26 normal weight and 26 overweight children) were exposed to snack food after consuming a typical meal. Parental feeding practices and child's variables were assessed via self-report. RESULTS: Two-third of the sample ate of the presented snacks and consumed an average of 68 g. Overweight boys consumed twice as much than the normal weight boys. Parental feeding strategies did not contribute to the prediction of this eating behaviour. Regardless of the children's weight status, the child's eating style strongly predicted snack intake. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that overweight boys show difficulties in regulating their eating behaviour. Inconsistent with previous work, no evidence for parental contribution of snack intake was found. The present findings suggest that in older children especially children's own eating style account for the variance in snack eating behaviour. 相似文献
167.
Scott M. Safford Lauren B. Alloy Antonia Pieracci 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(3):375-384
We compared two common measures of parenting behavior, the Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI) and the
Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), evaluating their psychometric properties and predictive ability. One hundred sixty seven
college students completed the CRPBI, PBI, and measures of depression and anxiety with 123 participants returning three to
six months later for follow-up evaluations. The parenting measures were found to have similar psychometric properties and
to be moderately to highly correlated with each other. In addition, both measures were similar in their ability to predict
depression and anxiety symptoms, although neither was significantly predictive of actual diagnoses. Given that the PBI is
a shorter measure and, based on previous studies, appears to be more stable over time than the CRPBI, there is evidence to
suggest that it might be a more useful measure of parenting behavior than the CRPBI. 相似文献
168.
Rosemary S. L. Mills Wendy S. Freeman Ian P. Clara Frank J. Elgar Bobbi R. Walling Leanne Mak 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(3):359-374
We examined the link between parent proneness to shame and two forms of psychological control, overprotection and critical/rejecting
behavior, in parents of preschoolers. Because shame is self-condemning, proneness to shame affects intrapersonal and interpersonal
functioning. We hypothesized that parents’ emotion-regulatory responses to shame would increase the likelihood of psychological
control: anxiety by leading to overprotection mediated by a worrisome approach to the child, and anger/hostility by leading
to critical/rejecting parenting mediated by negative reactivity to the child. Participants were 198 mother-father pairs with
a child 3.6 to 4.5 years of age. Overprotective and critical/rejecting parenting were assessed using both self and spouse
reports of parenting practices. In addition, parents completed measures of proneness to shame, worrisome overconcern about
the child, and negative reactivity to the child. Structural equation modeling yielded results that supported mediation by
negative approach to the child for mothers’ and fathers’ critical/rejecting behavior. For fathers but not mothers, shame was
indirectly associated with overprotective parenting through worrisome approach to the child. Parents’ proneness to shame may
be an important factor leading to the use of psychological control. 相似文献
169.
Karen F. Corsi Peter J. Winch Carol F. Kwiatkowski Robert E. Booth 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(6):808-818
Examination of childhood risk factors for injection drug use may provide clues as to why people progress to injection drug
use and it can promote identification of at-risk youth. We surveyed current injection drug users (IDUs) and individuals who
never injected drugs (non-IDUs), recruited through street outreach and snowball sampling in Denver, CO. Between March 2000
and October 2003, 601 subjects (339 IDUs and 262 non-IDUs) participated in structured interviews. We examined self-reported
factors in childhood that may have been influential in whether one progressed to drug injection later in life. These indicators
included age at drug and alcohol initiation, childhood risk behavior, parental monitoring, family stability, and other family
problems. Differences between IDUs and non-IDUs were assessed using unadjusted tests and logistic regression. Results of the
data analysis indicated that IDUs were significantly younger when they first used both alcohol and marijuana, they reported
higher childhood risk behavior scores, and they had less parental monitoring and less family stability as children than non-IDUs.
This research may assist clinicians in defining factors that put youth at risk for problems associated with injection drug
use. 相似文献
170.
This study examined the person-environment fit-career outcome relation by observing interests, self-efficacy and parental support as person aspects and major and occupational choice as separate indicators of the environment. Career certainty was selected as a career outcome. Two dimensional fit indices (People-Things and Data-Ideas) were examined as was the incremental validity of adding prestige fit indices. In addition, we examined the moderation of these PE fit-outcome relations by ethnicity (Anglos vs. Latino/a’s). Results revealed that the PE fit predictors were moderately related and none of the two dimensional PE fit predictors significantly related to career certainty, while nearly all of the Prestige PE fit-certainty relations were significant. Support was found for the spherical structure of work types and person variables [Tracey, T. J. G., & Rounds, J. (1996b). Contributions of the spherical representation of vocational interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 48, 85-95]. 相似文献