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261.
在中国传统的道德取向中,既有皮亚杰、科尔伯格的“道德公正”,也有吉利根、诺丁斯的“道德关怀”,但是,这两种道德取向在中国社会是以“差序格局”的样态运作的,即以“差序公正”和“差序关怀”的形式存在于中国人的道德判断中。“差序公正”和“差序关怀”的概念准确地表征了中国人道德取向的集体偏见。随着改革的不断深入,各项制度的不断建立和完善,人们的现代化层次不断提高,这种集体偏见正在逐渐得到克服和纠正。 相似文献
262.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between three perceived parental attitudes and shyness, testing self-esteem
and fear of negative evaluation as mediators. The study used a total of 492 undergraduate students in Turkey. Data was collected
through measures of shyness, fear of negative evaluation, self-esteem, and perceived parental attitudes. The proposed model
was estimated using path analysis. Goodness of fit statistics showed that the model fit the data well. Results indicated that
parental acceptance/involvement predicted self-esteem; perceived parental strictness/supervision predicted fear of negative
evaluation; and perceived parental psychological autonomy predicted self-esteem. Self-esteem partially mediated the relationship
between parental acceptance/involvement and shyness, whereas it fully mediated the relationship between parental psychological
autonomy and shyness. Fear of negative evaluation fully mediated the relationship between parental strictness/supervision
and shyness. In addition, the relationship between self-esteem and shyness was partially mediated by fear of negative evaluation.
The findings provided evidence for the propositions that parental attitudes are important in the development of self-image
and fears of rejection which result in the experience of shyness. 相似文献
263.
Yuki Matsumoto Kate Sofronoff Matthew R. Sanders 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(3):274-283
We examined variables associated with parental intention to participate in a parenting program viewed within a socio-ecological
framework. In two metropolitan areas in Japan, 222 families voluntarily completed a series of questionnaires. A series of
multiple regression analyses was used to evaluate the Socio-Ecological Predictor Model that was able to account for 50% of
the variance associated with parental intention to participate in a parenting program. The most significant predictor in the
model was program features, which accounted for 30% of the variance. It is important to consider program features that make
it more likely that parents will engage positively in a parenting program. We discuss parental intention to participate in
a parenting program as well as the limitations of the study and areas for future research. 相似文献
264.
Andrea V. McPherson Kristen M. Lewis Amy E. Lynn Mary E. Haskett Tara S. Behrend 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):61-69
We examined a model of parenting stress for abusive mothers (n = 80) and nonabusive mothers (n = 86) using linear regression analyses. Predictors in the model included (a) the degree to which mothers were bothered by
child misbehavior, (b) mothers’ general psychological functioning, and (c) observed child behavior during parent–child interactions.
Whether abuse status moderated the relations between each predictor and parenting stress was also explored. Results indicated
that mothers’ psychological functioning significantly predicted parenting stress; however, neither mothers’ intolerance for
their children’s misbehavior nor observed child behavior were significant predictors of parenting stress in the regression
model. A test of moderation revealed a significant interaction between parental intolerance and abuse status such that intolerance
predicted parenting stress level only for abusive mothers. A comparison of correlations indicated that abusive mothers’ level
of parenting stress was more closely related to their intolerance for child conduct problems than to the child’s behavior
during play with their mothers. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for interventions to reduce parenting stress
experienced by nonabusive and abusive mothers. 相似文献
265.
The rise in inadequate and unhealthily diets in children has led investigations to examine the development of food preferences. This review outlines the ways in which children choose between foods made available to them and the subsequent shaping of their own habitual diet. Children are liable to form preferences to certain hedonic foods, and to exhibit neophobic reactions to the unfamiliar. Unfamiliar foods can elicit anxiety and suspicion. Trust and liking of a once novel food can be gained through exposure, increasing familiarity towards that food. This review examines: visual familiarity (awareness of foods within their environment); taste familiarity (knowledge and experience of the taste of foods); contextual familiarity (knowledge of how foods should be presented); and categorical familiarity (which family foods belong to). The influence of familiarity is also explained with regards to both positive and negative associative learning. These associations are influenced by the specific presentation and the social environment of a novel food. The potential benefits of understanding the nature of children’s learning and preference development for the promotion of healthy nutrition to both parent and child are discussed. 相似文献
266.
Whether levels of parental attachment differentiate how individuals are peer victimised was studied in 13, 14 and 15 year olds (N = 204), who completed a modified version of the Direct and Indirect Aggression Scales (DIAS) and the parent sections of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA). Results showed a moderate negative correlation between Total Victimisation scores and Total Attachment scores (r = −.254, p = .001, CI95 = [−.38, −.12]); the magnitude of correlations was similar for subscale scores and for data on both mother and father considered separately; data did not differ by gender of the respondent. Attachment to mother significantly exceeded attachment to father. The factor structure of the self-report DIAS was explored and a hierarchical solution suggested that it measures general experience of victimisation along with two lower order factors defined by experiences of either direct or indirect aggression. 相似文献
267.
Based on an action-theoretical conceptualization, this research examined the family career development project in Chinese Canadian families. Six families, each composed of a parent and adolescent, participated in a videotaped conversation to determine a family career development project that was subsequently monitored over a 6-month period and followed up with a second videotaped conversation. The further analysis of these data from a larger data set of 20 Chinese Canadian and European Canadian families resulted in the delineation of several properties of the career development project in Chinese Canadian families, including the importance of the parental agenda, the adolescent’s involvement, parental communication of convincing reasoning, and the adolescent’s withholding and withdrawing response. The findings also indicated that a family career development was central to other higher order projects in the family, including the relationship and cultural projects. The data supported the understanding of project as joint goal-directed action over time and as the basis on which career development influence was organized in these families. 相似文献
268.
Jenifer A. Nields 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2003,84(3):699-716
Loewald's understanding of ego development offers a way to conceptualise, from a psychoanalytic perspective, those aspects of religious experience that can reflect or contribute to the enrichment of the ego, in contradistinction to the defensive and regressive elements of religious experience that have been well detailed in the psychoanalytic literature in the past. In Loewald's view, a dynamic and metabolic interplay between ego and reality characterises the developmental process. With increasing levels of internalisation, differentiation, individuation and integration, ego and reality are restructured into increasingly resilient and durable forms. An ongoing dialectical tension between separation and reunion provides the driving force for development. Loewald's emphasis on the synthetic rather than defensive aspects of ego functioning forms the basis for his characterisation of sublimation as a 'genuine appropriation' rather than a defence, thus opening up one way to understand non-defensive aspects of religious experience from a psychoanalytic perspective. In the course of this exploration of Loewald's view of ego development and its implications for an understanding of religious experience, the author offers perspectives on Freud's views of religion, on some extreme forms of religious fundamentalism, and on the dynamics of 'mature' faith as illuminated by Loewald's developmental theory. 相似文献
269.
Parents and daughters in 21 families of women with borderline personality disorder (BPD), 23 women with restricting anorexia nervosa (AN), and 25 women without clinical histories (NC) responded to the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the Beavers Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI). On the PBI, BPD daughters' perceptions differed from both their parents' whereas AN daughters' perceptions differed from their mothers'. On the SFI, both groups reported less family health than their parents. On both instruments, nonclinical daughters' perceptions were congruent with the parents'. These findings have implications for researchers and therapists for integrating and utilizing the varying perceptions of family members. 相似文献
270.
We investigated the influence of self-reported parental romantic attachment status and rearing behaviors on children’s self-reported
attachment (in)security towards father and mother in a sample of 237 non-clinical children aged 9–12. All children and their
parents completed a single-item measure of attachment style. The parents further completed an index of their authoritative,
authoritarian, and permissive rearing behaviors. Results showed that the attachment status of the father was significantly
related to the child’s attachment style to the father. Further, children who portray themselves as insecurely attached to
their fathers have fathers with lower average authoritative scores compared to children who are securely attached to their
fathers. In examining the relative contribution of attachment style and rearing behaviors of the parents, insecure attachment
status of the father was still significantly related to insecure attachment style of the child but the effect of authoritative
rearing behaviors of the father on attachment (in)security of children was not statistically significant anymore. Altogether,
these results support the notion that attachment status of the father was most substantially associated with self-reported
insecure attachment of children. 相似文献