Les métamorphoses du système de santé

The normative framework intervened in recent years to renovate and establish a coherent framework to the hospital system questions the bipartite division between private medicine and public medicine. The state supervision, consolidated by the Law of 26 January 2016 on the modernization of the health system, blurs the boundaries and involves renewing the qualification of our health system.     

不同权力关系对消极特质否定句使用偏向的影响

采用固定反应范式和自由反应范式, 通过创设语用情景, 考察不同权力关系对消极特质否定句使用偏向的影响。结果表明：(1)低权力者评价高权力者时, 被试倾向于使用否定方式(如“不聪明的”), 并认为否定的表述方式合适性较高, 出现否定偏向; 而高权力者评价低权力者, 或者权力平级时则没有否定偏向的出现, 肯定表述(如“愚蠢的”)被更多使用; (2)权力平级时, 社会距离会影响消极特质否定句的使用, 社会距离越远, 消极特质否定句的使用越少; 社会距离越近, 消极特质否定句的使用越多。结果表明, 权力关系与社会距离是影响消极特质否定句使用偏向的重要因素。     

An emerging research agenda for investigative interviewing: hypotheses from the narrative action system

The present issue of JIP-OP brings together an intriguing range of papers that cover a wide range of aspects of testimony and aspects of investigative interviewing. They show how the considerations of how testimony is obtained is broadening out from the memory improvement strategies that once dominated this area with attempts to detect deception, to cover many aspects of how testimony is obtained. This draws attention to the need for more careful examination of the variations in testimony eliciting processes that will be responsive to differences in context and crime. A research agenda is therefore proposed that draws on developments in the understanding of psychological differences between crimes. This research would study the relationship between the psychological processes underpinning offence actions and the interview behaviour of suspects or witnesses. With regard to suspects, recent developments in the modelling of offence style have indicated a narrative basis (narrative action system model) for understanding the patterns of offence actions and the perpetrator's psychological background and characteristics that can be inferred from these. It is therefore suggested that the Hero's Quest, Professional's Adventure, Revenger's Tragedy, and Victim's Irony offending narratives and the Object, Vehicle, and Person victim roles assigned within these, may provide a fruitful link to different patterns of interview behaviour, with consequent implications for approaches to interviewing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status as Sources of Status-Legitimacy Effect and Legitimation of Income Inequality

System justification theory proposes that people are motivated to perceive the existing social system as fair, legitimate, and desirable. However, status-legitimacy effect, understood as the most disadvantaged living in the most unequal contexts experiencing this need most strongly, has only found mixed support in empirical works. This article presents a comprehensive test of the original reading of status-legitimacy hypothesis which implied that those with lower objective status are the most motivated to system justify and of the respecified version that posits subjective powerlessness to be the driver of undue system legitimization. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis of International Social Survey Programme modules on social inequality, covering almost 50,000 respondents from 28 countries, shows that the mean effects of both subjective and objective status are in line with predictions of economic rationality. To model contextual inequality, we distinguish between an objective measure, Gini, and perceived amounts of income differences as reported by respondents. The analysis testing contextual moderation lends support for the original reading of status-legitimacy hypothesis—the objectively, rather than subjectively, disadvantaged experience greater motivation to defend the system.     

A Religious Interpretation of Emergence: Creativity as God

Thinking of God today as creativity (instead of as The Creator) enables us to bring theological values and meanings into significant connection with modern cosmological and evolutionary thinking. This conception connects our understanding of God with today's ideas of the Big Bang; cosmic and biological evolution; the evolutionary emergence of novel complex realities from simpler realities, and the irreducibility of these complex realities to their simpler origins; and so on. It eliminates anthropomorphism and anthropocentrism from the conception of God, thus overcoming one of the major reasons for the implausibility of God-talk in today's world—here viewed as a highly dynamic reality (not an essentially stable structure), with God regarded as the ongoing creativity in this world. This mystery of creativity—God—manifest throughout the universe is quite awe-inspiring, calling forth emotions of gratitude, love, peace, fear, and hope, and a sense of the profound meaningfulness of human existence in the world—issues with which faith in God usually has been associated. It is appropriate, therefore, to think of God today as precisely this magnificent panorama of creativity with which our universe and our lives confront us.     

罗夏墨迹测验在西方的发展历史与研究现状

历史上罗夏墨迹测验（RIM）一直被视为投射测验而用精神分析的理论解释它,使其偏离了客观化的发展方向。综合罗夏系统则又回归到了实证的研究道路。综合系统仍视之为一个不完全结构化的、间接的测量方法,因此在人格研究中有独特的作用。关于RIM虽然仍有争议,但其科学研究价值已基本得到公认,目前要做的工作是发展它和完善它     

组织承诺研究的进展与展望

该文采取多测度分析的方法,从理论基础,概念性定义和操作定义,量表的信度、效度和影响变量等方面对组织承诺的已有研究进行回顾和分析。发现现有的组织承诺概念比较冗余,需要进行有效的整合,现有组织承诺量表需要在内容效度、汇聚效度和区分效度等指标上进行深入探索;目前关于组织承诺的研究多从离职/留职意向的角度进行探讨,缺乏从雇佣关系的角度进行的系统研究;需要进行纵向研究以获得组织承诺和其他一些员工态度变量之间的因果关系;后续研究可以从中介变量和调节变量的角度,详细考察组织承诺的不同维度的交互作用。     

空间知识记忆和提取的理论模型

对物理空间知识记忆和提取规律的探讨一直是空间认知领域研究中的一个重点和热点。对其进行深入研究,不仅有助于了解人类的空间行为,而且为相关的诸如界面设计、虚拟环境等空间认知应用领域（研究）提供支持。该文从空间记忆的内在参照系理论、坐标系统模型、空间情境模型和位置记忆的空间类属模型4个方面对当前有关物理环境中空间知识记忆和提取的理论或模型进行了回顾并作了初步评价。     

文本阅读研究的技术模型和新观点

文本阅读心理研究一直是心理学界广泛关注的课题。从20世纪30年代第一个严格的文本阅读实验至今,这一领域的研究方法和技术模型不断进步,具体理论和实际应用不断成熟。到目前为止,文本阅读领域已经形成了庞大的体系。作者首先对文本阅读研究中常用的技术模型进行了梳理,从目标、空间、时间、因果和主角五个方面分别对其进行了介绍。在此基础上,文章评述了文本阅读研究的两种新观点,即文本阅读的双加工理论和知觉符号理论。最后作者对文本阅读研究的未来趋势进行了展望     

中学生师生关系的结构、类型及其发展特点

选取319名初一至高三学生作为被试,主要采用问卷法,考察中学生师生关系的结构、类型及其发展特点。结果表明：（1）师生关系结构具有冲突性、依恋性、亲密性和回避性四个维度;（2）师生关系类型包括矛盾冲突型、亲密和谐型和疏远平淡型三种类型;（3）师生关系各维度不存在显著性别差异,但存在显著年级差异,师生关系质量随年级升高呈波浪式下降趋势,初一学生的师生关系最好,初二和高二学生的师生关系最不理想;（4）师生关系各类型的人数比例存在显著年级差异。