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321.
This study compares parent language directed at their toddlers while coviewing toddler-directed television and while storybook reading. Participants were 15- or 30- month-old children and their parent. A quantitative analysis of parent language revealed that it is more frequent, rich, and complex during reading relative to television viewing regardless of child age; although parents used more complex language and more diverse words with older children. The difference between media held even when the storybook text read aloud was not considered in the analysis. Consistent with the results of earlier research, shared book reading produces more and richer verbal interactions with toddlers than coviewing television and is thus more likely to positively influence early language development. 相似文献
322.
ROLE OF FIRST‐YEAR MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT AND PATERNAL INVOLVEMENT IN BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG CHILDREN 下载免费PDF全文
Drawing on economic models of child development and attachment relationship perspectives, this study examined the effect of maternal employment in the first year after childbirth on subsequent behavioral and cognitive development in low‐income children. Analyses of data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (N = 411) revealed that despite the accompanying family income gains, maternal employment in the first year after childbirth adversely affected caregiver‐reported internalizing and externalizing behavior problems of Hispanic, Black, and White children at ages 3 and 5 years. This study also examined how paternal participation in childcare might affect children's outcomes. Results indicate that greater paternal participation eased the adverse impacts of maternal employment on internalizing behavior problems. There was no evidence that maternal employment was associated with children's memory cognitive functioning or that paternal involvement moderated children's cognitive development. These findings suggest that when early intervention programs are designed to assist low‐income families, enhancing supports (e.g., paternal involvement or parental leave) for working mothers during their child's first year may be valuable for young children's healthy development. 相似文献
323.
The discrepancy between college students’ performance and parents’ expectations may be related to college students’ affective
distress. Further, the role that parent–college student communication reciprocity may play in the context of these discrepancies
has not been examined. As a result, this study examined parent–college student expectation discrepancies and communication
reciprocity as predictors of college students’ affective distress (i.e., anger, depression, and anxiety). Results of this
study suggest that college student–parent expectation discrepancies, communication reciprocity, and college students’ affective
distress (i.e., anger, depression, and anxiety) are interrelated significantly. Further, results from the hierarchical regressions
conducted for this study suggest that college students’ perception of their communication reciprocity with their parents may
be a more important predictor of college students’ depression and anxiety in the context of the expectation discrepancies
examined in this study. These findings underscore the importance of teaching communication skills to college students and
their parents as a means of diminishing the deleterious effects of perceiving one another inaccurately. 相似文献
324.
This research explores the relationships among personal accomplish- ment, mentoring, affect, creative self-efficacy, and creative involvement. With a sample of working adults (N = 242), structural equation modeling results revealed that the data fit the theoretical model well in that creative self-efficacy fully mediated the relationships between personal accomplishment and creative work involvement and between mentoring and creative work involvement. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that positive affect moderated the relationship between personal accomplishment and creative self-efficacy but negative affect did not, signifying that positive affect may be a necessary situational factor to optimize the personal accomplishment-creative self-efficacy link. In contrast, negative but not positive affect moderated the link between mentoring experiences and creative self-efficacy, suggesting that mentoring experiences associated with negative affect situationally may have been likely to have a significant consequence in weakening creative self-efficacy. The findings expand upon self-efficacy and mentoring theories by highlighting the importance of employing theoretically relevant moderating and mediating variables in research investigating the etiology of possible variables associated with vital workplace outcomes. 相似文献
325.
Recent research on community involvement points to the importance of both agentic (advancing the self) and communal motives (serving others) as key predictors, though few studies have examined both simultaneously. At the same time, research has identified generativity, defined as concern for future generations as a legacy of the self, as particularly relevant for community involvement. Moreover, generativity involves both agentic and communal motives, meaning that advancing personal goals and caring for others are integrated in this construct. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how individual differences in attributes pertaining to self and to others—specifically, self‐esteem, initiative, and empathy—related to both generativity and community involvement. A sample of adolescents (N = 160; 64% female, Mage = 17) and a sample of young adults (N = 237; 84% female, Mage = 20) completed a survey including measures of community involvement and generativity. Generative concern fully mediated the associations between individual differences (self‐esteem, initiative, and empathy) and community involvement, suggesting that the early generativity has a role in fostering capacities and contribution in youth. These developmental indicators pertaining to self and others link to actions that benefit the community through a desire to benefit future generations. 相似文献
326.
Yongqiang Jiang Xiuyun Lin Stephen P. Hinshaw Peilian Chi Qinglu Wu 《Family process》2020,59(2):740-755
Considering the nature of compassion and cultural and times characteristics of Chinese families, individuals' general dispositional compassion toward others may have potential benefits for relationship qualities in Chinese families. In this study, we explored how men's and women's compassion related to their own (actor effects) and the partners' (partner effects) marital relationship and parent–child relationships, respectively, using the Actor–Partner Interdependent Model. Participants were from a cross-sectional sample of 534 Chinese heterosexual married couples (females' mean age = 37.20, SD = 4.28; males' mean age = 40.29, SD = 5.39) whose biological children were pupils (mean age = 9.28, SD = 1.11). Results revealed that: (a) within marital relationships, couple members' actor effects and partner effects were found both significant; but (b) within parent–child relationships, couple members' actor effects were significant, whereas only mothers' partner effect of compassion on father–child relationship was significant. These findings support the benefits of couple members' individual compassion with respect to family relationship quality in contemporary China. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
327.
Gomez R 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(6):865-885
The graded response model (GRM), which is based on item response theory (IRT), was used to evaluate the psychometric properties
of the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms in an ADHD rating scale. To accomplish this, parents and teachers
completed the DSM-IV ADHD Rating Scale (DARS; Gomez et al., Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 265–274, 1999) for a group of 1,475 primary school-aged children. The results for the discrimination parameters showed that
all symptoms for both groups of respondents were generally good for discriminating their respective latent traits. For virtually
all symptoms, their threshold values showed moderate to large increases in the level of the latent trait at each subsequent
response dichotomy, with the symptoms being especially good at representing the appropriate traits from mean to moderately
high trait levels. The item information function values for most symptoms indicated reasonable reliability from, approximately,
the mean trait levels to moderately high trait levels. These findings indicate good psychometric properties for the parent
and teacher ratings of the DARS. The implications of the findings for the use of the DARS and other similar scales are discussed. 相似文献
328.
A Meta-analytic Review of Components Associated with Parent Training Program Effectiveness 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This component analysis used meta-analytic techniques to synthesize the results of 77 published evaluations of parent training programs (i.e., programs that included the active acquisition of parenting skills) to enhance behavior and adjustment in children aged 0-7. Characteristics of program content and delivery method were used to predict effect sizes on measures of parenting behaviors and children's externalizing behavior. After controlling for differences attributable to research design, program components consistently associated with larger effects included increasing positive parent-child interactions and emotional communication skills, teaching parents to use time out and the importance of parenting consistency, and requiring parents to practice new skills with their children during parent training sessions. Program components consistently associated with smaller effects included teaching parents problem solving; teaching parents to promote children's cognitive, academic, or social skills; and providing other, additional services. The results have implications for selection and strengthening of existing parent training programs. 相似文献
329.
Lena Reuterskiöld Lars-Göran Öst Thomas Ollendick 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(4):279-290
Worryingly low levels of parent–child agreement on child psychiatric diagnosis are reported. This study examined parent–child agreement on diagnostic categories and severity ratings with the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule, Child and Parents versions (ADIS-C/P). Children’s age, gender, motivation and self-concept and parent’s general psychopathology and diagnoses were examined. Participants were 110 children (aged 8–14 years) with a principal specific phobia diagnosis, and their parents. Findings revealed excellent parent–child agreement on principal specific phobia diagnosis (97.3%), and fair levels of concordance on most co-occurring secondary diagnoses. As expected, children with high motivation had generally stronger parent–child agreement on diagnoses and severity ratings (for ADHD p?.001). Parents reported overall more diagnoses for their children (for GAD p?.03; SOCP p?.02) and parents with diagnoses seemed more tuned in to their children’s problematic behavior. It is suggested that clinicians screen for motivation status early in the assessment phase and use both parts of the ADIS-C/P. 相似文献
330.
We used a prospective design to examine the association of marijuana use during the transition from late adolescence to early
adulthood with reported relationship quality with significant other in the mid- to late twenties. The community-based sample
consisted of 534 young adults (mean age=27) from upstate New York. The participants were interviewed at four points in time
at mean ages 14, 16, 22, and 27 years. Marijuana use during the transition from late adolescence to early adulthood was associated
with less relationship cohesion and harmony, and with more relationship conflict with control on variables reflecting the
participants’ early interpersonal adjustment and the quality of the relationships with their parents. Our findings suggest
that marijuana use during emerging adulthood predicts diminished relationship quality with a partner in the mid- to late twenties. 相似文献