大学时期早期的通识伦理教育

通识教育的目的在于建立人的主体性,以完成人之自我解放,并与所互为之人文及自然环境建立生存主体性的关系。通识教育可区分为核心课程与一般课程两个层次。伦理是教养之大成,医学伦理是医者把认知、发展与修养在医患关系上的努力。动之以情,说之以理,诉立以法,是通识伦理教育的一般方法。     

冠心病诊治中的过度医疗

近年来,过度医疗问题引起了医学伦理学界的普遍关注.过度医疗是一个经济现象,同时也是一个伦理问题,确切的说是一个医学-社会问题.结合冠心病过度医疗的特点,从医学伦理学角度剖析冠心病过度医疗的原因,并提出了医者、患者、医疗机构和社会针对冠心病过度医疗应采取的措施.     

Two Concepts of Intrinsic Value

Recent literature on intrinsic value contains a number of disputes about the nature of the concept. On the one hand, there are those who think states of affairs, such as states of pleasure or desire satisfaction, are the bearers of intrinsic value (“Mooreans”); on the other hand, there are those who think concrete objects, like people, are intrinsically valuable (“Kantians”). The contention of this paper is that there is not a single concept of intrinsic value about which Mooreans and Kantians have disagreed, but rather two distinct concepts. I state a number of principles about intrinsic value that have typically (though not universally) been held by Mooreans, all of which are typically denied by Kantians. I show that there are distinct theoretical roles for a concept of intrinsic value to play in a moral framework. When we notice these distinct theoretical roles, we should realize that there is room for two distinct concepts of intrinsic value within a single moral framework: one that accords with some or all of the Moorean principles, and one that does not.     

伦理豁免刍议

伦理豁免,是在一定的伦理尤其是亲属关系(一定程度上包括朋友关系)中,在究竟是履行伦理的义务、还是履行法律的义务之间,人们陷入紧张冲突甚至两难的情况下,被法律赋予一定的特殊权利,得依法免除法定的义务、责任甚至罪责。中华伦理、中华法系以伦理豁免来解决伦理、法律的矛盾,有宝贵的理论和实践;其中蕴涵的基本价值是,通过维护伦理,从根本上维护社会秩序。伦理豁免对今天解决伦理、法律之两难,仍是宝贵的智慧。     

Is it always fallacious to derive values from facts?

Since the time of David Hume, many philosophers have held that there is a logical Is/Ought gap. According to the doctrine of the Is/Ought gap, there are no valid (i.e., non-fallacious) arguments from purely factual premises about whatis the case to moral or normative conclusions about whatought to be. Occasionally, this doctrine has been challenged, but frequently it has been accepted without argumentation. Charles Pigden has recently argued for a logical Is/Ought gap on the grounds of the conservativeness of logic. I offer a counter-example which shows that Pigden's argument is unsound and that there need be no logical gap between Is-premises and an Ought-conclusion. My counter-example is an argument which is logically valid, has only Is-premises and an Ought-conclusion, and does not purport to violate the conservativeness of logic. Moreover, my argument does not rely, as other alleged counter-examples do, on controversial assumptions from Aristotelian biology about natures or ends, or about institutions such as promise-making.     

技艺与价值:分裂还是关联?--柏拉图的整体论解答及其当下意义

在当代技术哲学研究中,柏拉图有关技艺与价值关系的论述日益受到重视。只是目前已有的技术批判与技术建构两种视角并不能完整地展示柏拉图的这方面思想,其实他在其相关的对话中试图为技艺与价值的关系提供一种整体论伦理学基础,即技艺只有包含参照善的罗格斯才能获得健康发展。当环境破坏作为文明危机日益展现在人类面前时,柏拉图的这一整体论见解尤其显得具有实践意义。     

论医学人文价值

医学的基本价值是救护生命 ,这是医学特有的、体现医学基本任务和基本目的的内在规定 ;离开了医学的基本价值 ,医学就不成其为医学。医学的人文价值是关爱生命 ,这是医学必有的、体现医学本质和终极目的的内在规定。求真、崇善、尚美、达圣是医学人文价值的本质。离开了医学的人文价值 ,医学就不成其为人的医学     

发展和谐医患关系与医疗秩序重构

发展和谐医患关系是保持正常医疗秩序的重要前提,而目前的医疗秩序重构又是发展和谐医患关系的必然。和谐医患关系的基础是医疗卫生服务价值理念的普遍公正合理,它要求以”以人为本”作为价值取向,以“人人享有”作为目标模式,以“医疗公平”作为基本理念,以“利益平衡”作为政治前提,以“规范监管”作为制度保障,以“诚信互动”作为必要条件。     

"伦理精神"及其"价值生态"——《伦理精神的价值生态》再版序言

“伦理精神”是本人伦理学研究中最基本、最有个性特点的核心概念,对它的涵义的理解应在世界道德哲学的语境中,结合“伦理”和“精神”各自的本质及其统一关系来进存。“价值生态”是“自然生态”概念的哲学提升和意义抽象,“伦理精神”和“价值生态”的结合是道德哲学的生态价值观和生态方法论。消解价值霸权,在“生态觉悟”中追求和达到“伦理学方法的超越”是“伦理精神的价值生态”命题和理论所试图探讨和解决的两个现实和学术课题。     

计算机人格适应性测验的初始值估计研究

一般来说,对于计算机人格适应性测验（CAPT）,由于对被试每种人格特质的施测项目数比较少,初始值估计方法的好坏直接影响着被试人格特质水平估计的准确性。该研究提出利用被试特质水平与其人格特质自我评定信息的回归模型来获取被试人格特质水平的初始值。模拟数据的研究结果表明：新方法获得的初始值确实能够更准确的估计被试的特质水平。