Integrating social exchange and affective explanations for the receipt of help and harm: A social network approach

We integrated theories of social exchange and emotion to explain the receipt of interpersonal citizenship (help) and counterproductive behaviors (harm). Using social network methodology, data on a total of 534 relationships were obtained from three samples of employees working for a food services organization. Results were consistent across all three samples. Employees received help and harm from coworkers toward whom they engaged in those behaviors, as well as from coworkers in whom they elicited positive and negative affective states, respectively. Additionally, affective states predicted the receipt of help and harm controlling for engagement, suggesting a means by which social exchanges may become imbalanced. Overall, findings demonstrate the validity of social exchange and affective explanations for the receipt of help and harm in the workplace.     

Does taking the good with the bad make things worse? How abusive supervision and leader–member exchange interact to impact need satisfaction and organizational deviance

We integrate and extend past work on self-determination theory and mixed relationships, or relationships characterized by both conflict and support, to address the question of how abusive supervision promotes subordinate organizational deviance. In so doing, we propose a mediated moderation model wherein abusive supervision and leader–member exchange interact to predict organizational deviance, with psychological need satisfaction mediating the effect of the interaction on organizational deviance. This hypothesized model was supported with multi-wave data collected from 260 employees. Notably, our model was supported after controlling for justice perceptions and organizational social exchange as alternative mediators. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Le climat d’entropie et le stress dans les organismes de sant

In recent years, many research and reporting of findings highlight the deteriorating work conditions in our hospitals, describing a climate of disorder in the arrangement of this system components (Masclet 2010). The study presented here examines the relationship between the entropy climate and stress of health personnel. The study was conducted in two hospitals in the Picardie region using a self-administered questionnaire answered by 161 workers in six trades. A transactional perspective has been used to clarify the role of organizational stressors through the mediation of psychological stress. The results confirm the mediating effect of psychological stress among the organizational social climate and perceived stress.     

儿童内疚情绪对其亲社会行为的影响

为考察儿童内疚情绪对其亲社会行为的影响,本研究采用现场实验的方法探讨了小学5年级学生内疚情绪与其亲社会行为的关系。结果显示：（1）内疚情绪能促进儿童亲社会行为水平的提高,难过情绪不能促进儿童亲社会行为水平的提高;（2）当儿童将注意力集中于自己对团体造成的不良影响,产生内疚情绪,但如果其将注意力集中于自己的不良结果时,则产生难过情绪。结论：儿童的消极情绪是否能促进其亲社会行为水平的提高,取决于其将注意力集中于自己还是他人。     

健康行为改变中的社会认知因素：HAPA模型述评

HAPA是健康行为领域研究的新取向。认为改变健康行为需要两个分离的过程:动机和意志。首先,基于自我信念的基础上形成改变的意图;随意,行为改变才会被计划、引发并维持。HAPA认为,动机阶段引起行为意图,而意志阶段则产生实际行为。以自我效能为代表的社会认知因素在两个阶段起重要作用,对于健康行为的采纳、引发和维持的产生重要的预测作用。     

Health Behaviors of Childhood Cancer Survivors: What We’ve Learned

There has been a dramatic increase in the number of childhood cancer survivors due to improved cancer treatments. However, these survivors are at risk for numerous late-effects as a result of their cancer therapy. Engaging in health-protective behaviors and limiting risky health behaviors are vitally important for survivors given their increased risks and physical late-effects. For this paper, we systematically reviewed the literature on childhood cancer survivors’ health behaviors by searching for published data and conference proceedings using computerized databases and references, and summarized these results. We examined the literature describing the prevalence of a variety of health behaviors among survivors, identifying significant covariates, and describing health behavior interventions. Finally, we provided research recommendations and discussed an ongoing study designed to address some of the limitations in the existing literature. The research to date is limited and recommendations for future studies are outlined.     

The Development and Validation of the Health Proneness Questionnaire

This series of studies describes the development, validation and potential use of the Health Proneness Questionnaire (HPQ). Recent health, wellness and illness studies focus upon the dynamic interaction between psychological and physical well-being. This newly developed scale allows practitioners to quickly screen psychological characteristics related to health and a patient's perception of their quality of life. Participants were patients in university research clinics for vision problems. Through exploratory factor analysis three factors evolved related to the hypothesized psychological characteristics involved in health related quality of life: adaptability, self-efficacy and subjective well-being. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the best fit model yielded a higher-order health-proneness factor with the original three categories as sub-factors. Further criterion-related validity comparisons and discriminant and convergent validity studies indicated a psychometrically sound short survey for examining psychological characteristics of patients with mild chronic health conditions.     

教师组织公民行为与教学效能感的关系研究

文章采用教师组织公民行为与教师教学效能感问卷,对广州市的205名初中教师进行了研究,以探讨学校等级、性别、职称、学历、教龄等背景变量对初中教师组织公民行为、教学效能感的影响,以及教师组织公民行为与教师教学效能感之间的关系。结果发现:教师组织公民行为、教学效能感在学校等级和职称上存在着显著性差异;教师组织公民行为与教师教学效能感之间存在着显著性相关,教师组织公民行为中的认同组织和良心行为因子是教师教学效能感的有效预测变量。     

大学生求职说谎行为倾向研究

采用实验的方法对当前大学生在求职过程中的说谎行为现象进行了研究。将来自不同性别、院校性质、学历、学科、家庭来源及不同就业压力感的被试791名随机分配到16种实验处理情境当中。研究发现,不同人口变量的大学生在对说谎行为的选择以及对不同说谎内容的选择上存在着不同程度的差异。     

THE USE OF PEER MONITORS TO REDUCE NEGATIVE INTERACTION DURING RECESS

The negative interactions of a mildly retarded child, Dennis, were reduced in three daily recess periods, withthe use of a point system. Adult monitors initiatedthe intervention inthe morning recess; reductions achieved during adult monitoring were maintained in that recess during two subsequent conditions: peer monitoring and self-monitoring. Dennis' negative interactions were reduced next inthe afternoon recess by peer monitors. Again, reductions were maintained during a subsequent self-monitoring condition. Finally, duringthe noon recess, Dennis was trained to serve as a peer monitor for Ed, a moderately retarded classmate. Dennis' rate of negative interactions quickly decreased following his appointment as a peer monitor. The results show that a point system, originally designed for adult monitoring, can be adapted without loss of program effectiveness for peer monitoring or self-monitoring. The results also suggest that classmates who serve as peer monitors may benefit significantly from their role. The conditions under which these therapeutic effects occur andthe role that treatment order effects may play in this process require further investigation.