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61.
AN ANALYTIC FORM FOR THE INTERRESPONSE TIME ANALYSIS OF SHULL, GAYNOR, AND GRIMES WITH APPLICATIONS AND EXTENSIONS 下载免费PDF全文
Shull, Gaynor and Grimes advanced a model for interresponse time distribution using probabilistic cycling between a higher-rate and a lower-rate response process. Both response processes are assumed to be random in time with a constant rate. The cycling between the two processes is assumed to have a constant transition probability that is independent of bout length. This report develops an analytic form of the model which has a natural parametrization for a higher-rate within-bout responding and a lower-rate visit-initiation responding. The analytic form provides a convenient basis for both a nonlinear least-squares data reduction technique to estimate the model's parameters and Monte Carlo simulations of the model. In addition, the analytic formulation is extended to both a refractory period for the rats' behavior and, separately, the strongly-banded behavior seen with pigeons. 相似文献
62.
Hierarchical classes models are models for N-way N-mode data that represent the association among the N modes and simultaneously yield, for each mode, a hierarchical classification of its elements. In this paper we present a
stochastic extension of the hierarchical classes model for two-way two-mode binary data. In line with the original model,
the new probabilistic extension still represents both the association among the two modes and the hierarchical classifications.
A fully Bayesian method for fitting the new model is presented and evaluated in a simulation study. Furthermore, we propose
tools for model selection and model checking based on Bayes factors and posterior predictive checks. We illustrate the advantages
of the new approach with applications in the domain of the psychology of choice and psychiatric diagnosis.
Iwin Leenen is now at the Instituto Mexicano de Investigación de Familia y Población (IMIFAP), Mexico. The research reported
in this paper was partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (programa Ramón y Cajal) and by the
Research Council of K.U.Leuven (PDM/99/037, GOA/2000/02, and GOA/2005/04).
The authors are grateful to Johannes Berkhof for fruitful discussions. 相似文献
63.
J. Neil Bearden 《Journal of mathematical psychology》2006,50(1):58-59
We present an extension of the secretary problem in which the decision maker (DM) sequentially observes up to n applicants whose values are random variables X1,X2,…,Xn drawn i.i.d. from a uniform distribution on [0,1]. The DM must select exactly one applicant, cannot recall released applicants, and receives a payoff of xt, the realization of Xt, for selecting the tth applicant. For each encountered applicant, the DM only learns whether the applicant is the best so far. We prove that the optimal policy dictates skipping the first sqrt(n)-1 applicants, and then selecting the next encountered applicant whose value is a maximum. 相似文献
64.
65.
该文受Berkson将检验方法用于估计未知参数的启发,根据三个拟合优度统计量导出三种新的求取等值系数的方法,即:平方根等值方法(Square Root criterion,SQRTcrit)、对称相对熵等值方法(Symmetric Relative Entropy criterion,SREcrit)、加权等值方法(Weighted criterion,Wcrit),即Haebara准则的加权式。虽然在被检验的两个分布列很接近时,这三个多项拟合优度检验方法是渐近等价的,然而用它们求取等值系数时,Monte-Carlo模拟结果表明这三种新等值方法的行为表现存在差异。它们之间的差异和随机误差的大小有密切关系,即与项目参数估计的精度有关;还与等值系数A的范围有关。 相似文献
66.
William L. Cron Mary C. Gilly John L. Graham John W. Slocum Jr. 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2009
This study extends our understanding of the effects of gender on both pricing behavior and owner income by examining both relationships in an experimental simulation involving owners of veterinary practices. Consistent with prior research, women owners are found to employ “compassionate pricing” more than men, even when the same services are offered. The process by which gender influences price, however is found to depend in part on one’s relationship orientation. Specifically, women are found to have a higher relationship orientation than men and relationship orientation is found to directly bias women’s transactional pricing towards more compassionate pricing. The relationship between role orientation, pricing, and income, however, is rather complex. While lower prices have a negative relationship with owner income, relationship orientation is found to have a positive direct influence on income. As a result, the influence of relationship orientation on income is found to be both negative, due to lower prices, and positive, due possibly to the resulting customer loyalty. 相似文献
67.
Theories of mind draw on processes that represent mental states and their computational connections; simulation, in addition, draws on processes that replicate (Heal 1986) a sequence of mental states. Moreover, mental simulation can be triggered by input from imagination instead of real perceptions.
To avoid confusion between mental states concerning reality and those created in simulation, imagined contents must be quarantined.
Goldman bypasses this problem by giving pretend states a special role to play in simulation (Goldman 2006). We argue that this path leads to the resurgence of the threat of collapse (Davies 1994), diluting the principled distinction between simulation and theory use. Exploration of a related method of real-mental states
operating in a pretend mode leads to a factually untenable model. Our main goal here is to raise this problem as a challenge
for Goldman’s reconfigured simulation theory. Only at the end we will briefly sketch a possible alternative way of quarantine
that preserves the replicative element of simulation and avoids collapse. Figure 1 provides a guide to our argument.
Fig. 1 Structure of argument
相似文献
Josef PernerEmail: |
68.
Michael E. Young M.H. Clark Andrea Goffus Michael R. Hoane 《Learning and motivation》2009,40(2):160-165
Morris water maze data are most commonly analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in which daily test sessions are analyzed as an unordered categorical variable. This approach, however, may lack power, relies heavily on post hoc tests of daily performance that can complicate interpretation, and does not target the nonlinear trends evidenced in learning data. The present project used Monte Carlo simulation to compare the relative strengths of the traditional approach with both linear and nonlinear mixed effects modeling that identifies the learning function for each animal and condition. Both trend-based mixed effects modeling approaches showed much greater sensitivity to identifying real effects, and the nonlinear approach provided uniformly better fits of learning trends. The common practice of removing a rat from the maze after 90 s, however, proved more problematic for the nonlinear approach and produced an underestimate of y-axis intercepts. 相似文献
69.
Matthew W. Parker 《Synthese》2009,169(3):447-463
We examine a case in which non-computable behavior in a model is revealed by computer simulation. This is possible due to
differing notions of computability for sets in a continuous space. The argument originally given for the validity of the simulation
involves a simpler simulation of the simulation, still further simulations thereof, and a universality conjecture. There are difficulties with that argument, but there are
other, heuristic arguments supporting the qualitative results. It is urged, using this example, that absolute validation,
while highly desirable, is overvalued. Simulations also provide valuable insights that we cannot yet (if ever) prove. 相似文献
70.
Jean Knox 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2009,54(3):307-323
Abstract : In this paper I explore the role of mirror neurons and motor intentionality in the development of self-agency. I suggest that this will also give us a firmer basis for an emergent view of archetypes, as key components in the development trajectory of self-agency, from its foundation in bodily action to its mature expression in mentalization and a conscious awareness of intentionality. I offer some ideas about the implications of these issues of self-agency for our clinical work with patients whose developmental trajectory of self-agency has been partially inhibited, so that their communications have a coercive effect. I discuss the possibility that this kind of clinical phenomenon may relate to Gallese and Lakoff's hypothesis that abstract thought and imagination are forms of simulated action, and that the same sensory-motor circuits that control action also control imagination, concept formation and understanding, but with a crucial development, that of an inhibition of the connections between secondary pre-motor cortical areas and the primary motor cortex. I shall speculate that in the earlier developmental stages of self-agency, the separation of secondary from primary motor areas is not complete, so that imagination and thought are not entirely independent of physical action. 相似文献