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排序方式: 共有272条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Hofmann SG 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(9):1987-2001
Combining an effective psychological treatment with conventional anxiolytic medication is typically not more effective than unimodal therapy for treating anxiety disorders. However, recent advances in the neuroscience of fear reduction have led to novel approaches for combining psychological therapy and pharmacological agents. Exposure-based treatments in humans partly rely on extinction to reduce the fear response in anxiety disorders. Animal studies have shown that D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist at the glycine recognition site of the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor facilitates extinction learning. Similarly, recent human trials have shown that DCS enhances fear reduction during exposure therapy of some anxiety disorders. This article discusses the biological and psychological mechanisms of extinction learning and the therapeutic value of DCS as an augmentation strategy for exposure therapy. Areas of future research will be identified. 相似文献
42.
Michael Cholbi 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(4):323-334
Philosophers have harbored doubts about the possibility of moral expertise since Plato. I argue that irrespective of whether
moral experts exist, identifying who those experts are is insurmountable because of the credentials problem: Moral experts have no need to seek out others’ moral expertise, but moral non-experts lack sufficient knowledge to determine
whether the advice provided by a putative moral expert in response to complex moral situations is correct and hence whether
an individual is a bone fide expert. Traditional accounts of moral expertise require that moral experts give reliably correct
moral advice supported by adequate justification, an account which, I argue, is too lean in allowing for the possibility of
a moral expert who is motivationally indifferent to her own moral judgments and advice. Yet even if the proposition that a
moral expert is an individual who provides reliably correct moral advice supported by adequate justification and is necessarily motivated by that advice exhausts the necessary and sufficient conditions for moral expertise, this proposition
cannot function as an applicable criterion for non-experts to use in appraising would-be experts’ claims to expertise. The
credentials problem thus remains unanswered.
相似文献
Michael CholbiEmail: |
43.
Psychophysical studies have identified two distinct limitations of visual attention capacity: processing speed and apprehension span. Using a simple test, these cognitive factors can be analyzed by Bundesen's Theory of Visual Attention (TVA). The method has strong specificity and sensitivity, and measurements are highly reliable. As the method is theoretically founded, it also has high validity. TVA-based assessment has recently been used to investigate a broad range of neuropsychological and neurological conditions. We present the method, including the experimental paradigm and practical guidelines to patient testing, and review existing TVA-based patient studies organized by lesion anatomy. Lesions in three anatomical regions affect visual capacity: The parietal lobes, frontal cortex and basal ganglia, and extrastriate cortex. Visual capacity thus depends on large, bilaterally distributed anatomical networks that include several regions outside the visual system. The two visual capacity parameters are functionally separable, but seem to rely on largely overlapping brain areas. 相似文献
44.
Thomas Ågotnes Wiebe Van der Hoek Juan A. Rodríguez-Aguilar Carles Sierra Michael Wooldridge 《Studia Logica》2009,92(1):1-26
We define a multi-modal version of Computation Tree Logic (ctl) by extending the language with path quantifiers E
δ
and A
δ
where δ denotes one of finitely many dimensions, interpreted over Kripke structures with one total relation for each dimension. As
expected, the logic is axiomatised by taking a copy of a ctl axiomatisation for each dimension. Completeness is proved by employing the completeness result for ctl to obtain a model along each dimension in turn. We also show that the logic is decidable and that its satisfiability problem
is no harder than the corresponding problem for ctl. We then demonstrate how Normative Systems can be conceived as a natural interpretation of such a multi-dimensional ctl logic.
Presented by Jacek Malinowski 相似文献
45.
Montgomery Link 《Synthese》2009,166(1):41-54
In his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951) presents the concept of order in terms of a notational iteration that is completely logical
but not part of logic. Logic for him is not the foundation of mathematical concepts but rather a purely formal way of reflecting
the world that at the minimum adds absolutely no content. Order for him is not based on the concepts of logic but is instead
revealed through an ideal notational series. He states that logic is “transcendental”. As such it requires an ideal that his
philosophical method eventually forces him to reject. I argue that Wittgenstein’s philosophy is more dialectical than transcendental. 相似文献
46.
Laura Visu-Petra Mircea Miclea Lavinia Cheie Oana Benga 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,103(1):30-48
In self-paced auditory memory span tasks, the microanalysis of response timing measures represents a developmentally sensitive measure, providing insights into the development of distinct processing rates during recall performance. The current study first examined the effects of age and trait anxiety on span accuracy (effectiveness) and response timing (efficiency) measures from word and digit span performance in a preschool sample (N = 76, mean age = 57 months, SD = 11). Children were reassessed 8 months later using the same two tasks plus a test of nonword memory span and a measure of articulation rate. The results at the second time point (T2) confirmed the effects of age on both processing effectiveness and efficiency. Trait anxiety was an additional negative predictor of span effectiveness (especially for digit span) and efficiency (in the case of word and nonword span). The findings are discussed in the context of factors contributing to early short-term memory development and attentional control theory. 相似文献
47.
Kenneth Dorter 《Dao》2009,8(3):255-276
If Zhu Xi had been a western philosopher, we would say he synthesized the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and Plotinus: that he
took from Plato the theory of forms, from Aristotle the connection between form and empirical investigation, and from Plotinus
self-differentiating holism. But because a synthesis abstracts from the incompatible elements of its members, it involves
rejection as well as inclusion. Thus, Zhu Xi does not accept the dualism by which Plato opposed to the rational forms an irrational material principle, and does not
share Aristotle’s irreducible dualism between form and prime matter, or his teleology. Neither does he share Plotinus’ indifference
to the empirical world. Understanding how these similarities and differences play out against one another will help us discover
what is at stake in their various commitments. 相似文献
48.
采用“呈现随眼动变化技术”对12名高中二年级学生的双字词阅读知觉广度进行了眼动研究。结果发现:(1)高中二年级学生的双字词阅读知觉广度具有不对称性。(2)高中二年级学生的双字词阅读知觉广度为注视点左侧一个双字词到右侧两个双字词的空间。 相似文献
49.
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Klaus-Peter Dahle 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2007,1(2):101-110
Zusammenfassung
Gesetzestexte sehen bei bestimmten strafrechtlichen Entscheidungen die Unterstützung des Richters durch Prognosegutachter
vor. Ihre Aufgabe ist es, die Rechtsentscheidung in ihren prognostischen Aspekten auf eine rationale, wissenschaftlich fundierte
Grundlage zu stellen. Methodisch lassen sich dabei wissenschaftlich fundierte Prognosen auf unterschiedlichen Wegen erstellen.
Der eine Weg beruht auf empirisch gesicherten Erfahrungen über die Rückf?lligkeit von T?tern und über die die Rückfallwahrscheinlichkeit
beeinflussenden Tat- und T?termerkmale. Prognosemethoden nach diesem Modell bemühen sich, diese Erfahrungen auch für individualprognostische
Zwecke nutzbar zu machen. Der andere Weg führt über eine systematische retrospektive Analyse der individuellen Ursachen der
bisherigen Delinquenz des T?ters und schreibt diese individuellen Bezüge prognostisch fort. Prognosemethoden nach diesem Modell
bemühen sich vor allem, den erforderlichen Urteilsbildungsprozess zu systematisieren und eine hinreichende Beurteilungsgrundlage
zu gew?hrleisten. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt beide Ans?tze in ihren methodischen Grundzügen und wissenschaftlichen Bew?hrungen
vor und diskutiert ihre jeweiligen Vorzüge und Begrenzungen im Kontext der Mindestanforderungen für Prognosegutachten im Strafrecht.
相似文献
50.
miriam cooke 《Contemporary Islam》2007,1(2):139-154
In the 6 years that have elapsed since the events of 9/11 Muslims have become the Other and veiled Muslim women have become
their visible representatives. Standing in for their communities, they have attracted international media attention. So intertwined
are gender and religion that they have become one. I have coined the term the Muslimwoman to describe this erasure of diversity.
Some women reject this label. Others use it to empower themselves and even to subvert the identification. In the process they
are constructing a new kind of cosmopolitanism. This essay asks how women can derive agency from an ascribed identity that
posits their invisibility and silence.
相似文献
miriam cookeEmail: |