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921.
Shaun Gallagher 《Continental Philosophy Review》2008,41(2):163-178
The embodied, embedded, enactive, and extended approaches to cognition explicate many important details for a phenomenology
of perception, and are consistent with some of the traditional phenomenological analyses. Theorists working in these areas,
however, often fail to provide an account of how intersubjectivity might relate to perception. This paper suggests some ways
in which intersubjectivity is important for an adequate account of perception.
相似文献
Shaun GallagherEmail: |
922.
Tommy M. Phillips 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(3):205-215
The Identity Style Inventory–Revised for a Sixth-Grade Reading Level (ISI-6G) was administered to samples of community college
students (N = 99) and middle school and high school students (N = 320). Tests of between-groups differences indicated that the college sample had a significantly lower mean diffuse-avoidant
score on the ISI-6G than the middle and high school sample. In terms of actual assignment to identity styles, college students
were significantly more likely to be classified as informational or normative, while the younger students were more likely
to be diffuse-avoidant. The mean ages of participants for each of the three identity styles were compared, and it was found
that diffuse-avoidant participants had the lowest mean age (15.54 years), while individuals with an informational orientation
had the highest mean age (17.20 years). Results suggest that, in general, identity style evolves with age and maturity and
the general trajectory or progression involves movement away from a diffuse-avoidant orientation. Findings are discussed in
terms of current knowledge of neurocognitive development during adolescence and early adulthood. 相似文献
923.
Insight is a cognitive feature that is usually regarded as being generated by the neocortex and being present only in humans and possibly some closely related primates. In this essay we show that especially corvids display behavioral skills within the domains of object permanence, episodic memory, theory of mind, and tool use/causal reasoning that are insightful. These similarities between humans and corvids at the behavioral level are probably the result of a convergent evolution. Similarly, the telencephalic structures involved in higher cognitive functions in both species show a high degree of similarity, although the forebrain of birds has no cortex-like lamination. The neural substrate for insight-related cognitive functions in mammals and birds is thus not necessarily based on a laminated cortical structure but can be generated by differently organized forebrains. Hence, neither is insight restricted to mammals, as predicted from a “scala naturae”, nor is the laminated cortex a prerequisite for the highest cognitive functions. 相似文献
924.
We investigated the influence of self-reported parental romantic attachment status and rearing behaviors on children’s self-reported
attachment (in)security towards father and mother in a sample of 237 non-clinical children aged 9–12. All children and their
parents completed a single-item measure of attachment style. The parents further completed an index of their authoritative,
authoritarian, and permissive rearing behaviors. Results showed that the attachment status of the father was significantly
related to the child’s attachment style to the father. Further, children who portray themselves as insecurely attached to
their fathers have fathers with lower average authoritative scores compared to children who are securely attached to their
fathers. In examining the relative contribution of attachment style and rearing behaviors of the parents, insecure attachment
status of the father was still significantly related to insecure attachment style of the child but the effect of authoritative
rearing behaviors of the father on attachment (in)security of children was not statistically significant anymore. Altogether,
these results support the notion that attachment status of the father was most substantially associated with self-reported
insecure attachment of children. 相似文献
925.
In both humans and rodents, males typically excel on a number of tasks requiring spatial ability. However, human females exhibit
advantages in memory for the spatial location of objects. This study investigated whether rats would exhibit similar sex differences
on a task of object location memory (OLM) and on the watermaze (WM). We predicted that females should outperform males on
the OLM task and that males should outperform females on the WM. To control for possible effects of housing environment, rats
were housed in either complex environments or in standard shoebox housing. Eighty Long-Evans rats (40 males and 40 females)
were housed in either complex (Complex rats) or standard shoebox housing (Control rats). Results indicated that males had
superior performance on the WM, whereas females outperformed males on the OLM task, regardless of housing environment. As
these sex differences cannot be easily attributed to differences in cognitive style related to linguistic processing of environmental
features or to selection pressures related to the hunting gathering evolutionary prehistory of humans, these data suggest
that sex differences in spatial ability may be related to traits selected for by polygynous mating strategies. 相似文献
926.
John B. Berthrong 《Dao》2008,7(4):423-435
Du Weiming (Tu Weiming) has assisted in defining the New Confucian movement, a philosophical discourse that depends on axiological themes
and traits based on an exegesis and defense of the revival and reform of traditional Confucian discourse inherited from the
Classical and Neo-Confucian waves in East Asia. Thomas A. Metzger’s discussion of the profound difference between modern Western
post-Enlightenment discourse and New Confucian discourse challenges many of Du’s primary assumptions. My conclusion is that
Du is both a citizen of the modern Western academy and a Confucian public intellectual dedicated to mediating the great debate
that now spans the Pacific ocean between the West and a revived East Asian cultural complex, including New Confucianism as
a major dialogue partner at the beginning of the new millennium by continuing the historic Confucian commitment to a theory
of values. 相似文献
927.
老年阶段进入依恋研究者的视野是上个世纪90年代之后才陆续开始的。十几年来,该领域积累了不少研究成果。一系列研究考查了不同依恋对象对老年人生活的影响,包括对兄弟姐妹、成年子女、配偶、父母的依恋以及一种特殊的依恋:符号化依恋;不少研究发现了依恋模式分布的年龄效应,冷漠型和安全型依恋是老年依恋的主要模式,这与年轻成人的分布有很大差异;当前关于老年依恋的心理功能研究主要集中于以下两大领域:(1)老年依恋与慢性疾病中的照料;(2)老年依恋与心理健康。对于老年人依恋的研究还远未达到成熟的地步,老年依恋的测量工具亟待改进,跨文化的研究也需要进一步推广 相似文献
928.
929.
采用经典实验室研究范式,实验一探讨了前瞻记忆任务为知觉加工条件下,注意状态和前瞻记忆任务与进行中任务一致和不一致时对不同认知方式个体前瞻记忆成绩的影响,实验二探讨了前瞻记忆任务为语义加工条件下,注意状态和前瞻记忆任务与进行中任务一致和不一致时对不同认知方式个体前瞻记忆成绩的影响,结果表明,(1)在前瞻记忆任务加工类型是语义加工和知觉加工两种条件下,场依存与场独立个体均发现了TAP效应的存在,而且场依存个体表现出更明显的TAP效应;(2)当前瞻记忆任务与进行中任务的加工类型不一致时,场独立个体的前瞻记忆成绩明显高于场依存个体,而在两类任务加工类型一致情况下,场独立与场依存个体的前瞻记忆成绩不存在明显差异;(3)在前瞻记忆任务是知觉加工时,分心对前瞻记忆成绩有明显不利的影响;而在前瞻记忆任务是语义加工时,只有当前瞻记忆任务与进行中任务加工类型不一致时,分心对前瞻记忆才有明显不利的影响,而且在分心条件下的TAP效应更明显。 相似文献
930.
个体认知方式与材料复杂性对视空间工作记忆的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用计算机呈现的Corsi积木点击任务,探讨了不同认知方式个体对材料的路径、结构和数量复杂性不同的视空间工作记忆的广度。研究结果表明:(1)场独立性认知方式是影响视空间工作记忆广度的一个重要的个别差异变量,在路径复杂或呈现的材料结构随机的条件下,场独立者的视空间工作记忆广度明显高于场依存者;(2)材料呈现的路径、数量是影响视空间记忆广度的重要因素,在路径简单或数量少的情况下被试的视空间记忆广度要明显得高 相似文献