影响患者医疗知情权实现的细节因素分析

在医院细节文化的语境下,通过抽样问卷调查及结构式访谈法,提出在口语、书面语的医院方式文化中,影响患者医疗知情权实现的细节因素及其存在问题,并结合相关制度规定,分析存在问题的原因,进而寻找保障患者医疗知情权实现途径及对策,以期构建和谐医患关系。     

Moral development, executive functioning, peak experiences and brain patterns in professional and amateur classical musicians: interpreted in light of a Unified Theory of Performance

This study compared professional and amateur classical musicians matched for age, gender, and education on reaction times during the Stroop color-word test, brainwaves during an auditory ERP task and during paired reaction-time tasks, responses on the Gibbs Sociomoral Reflection questionnaire, and self-reported frequencies of peak experiences. Professional musicians were characterized by: (1) lower color-word interference effects (Stroop task), (2) faster categorization of rare expected stimuli (P3b), and a trend for faster processing of rare unexpected stimuli (P3a), (3) higher scores on the Sociomoral Reflection questionnaire, and (4) more frequent peak experiences during rest, tasks, and sleep. Both groups had high values on the Brain Integration Scale. These findings are interpreted in light of a Unified Theory of Performance, which posits that effectiveness in any area is influenced by one’s level of mind-brain development—emotional, cognitive, moral, ego and cortical development—with higher mind-brain development supporting greater effectiveness in any domain.     

Right‐wing authoritarianism,Big Five and perceived threat to safety

Using structural equations modelling, we performed a secondary analysis of the data collected by the Italian Observatory of the North West (Italian national sample, N = 976) to investigate the direct, mediated and moderated relations connecting the Big Five personality factors and perceived personal and societal threat to safety with right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA). Openness, Conscientiousness and perceived societal threat to safety exerted additive effects on RWA; the relation between Openness and RWA was partially mediated by societal threat to safety and that between societal threat to safety and RWA was moderated by Openness. Limitations and possible developments of this research are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

创业警觉性、既有知识、创业经历对大学生创业机会识别的影响

采用“新手—创业经验丰富者” 对比范式,分别以114名在校无创业经历大学生和94名创业大学生作为被试,通过不同被试对自编复杂机会情景的反应搜集其对机会识别的表现,同时探讨了大学生创业警觉性、既有知识对创业机会识别的影响。结果表明：两类大学生创业警觉性、既有知识差异显著,创业大学生明显好于一般大学生。两类大学生在创业警觉性的三个维度以及既有知识的两个维度上均存在显著性差异,创业大学生均显著优于于一般大学生。创业大学生既有知识对机会识别具有显著影响;一般大学生创业警觉性对机会识别具有显著影响。此外,大学生既有知识可能通过警觉性影响机会识别。     

知情同意权在手术同意书中的法律探讨——李丽云死亡案引发的思考

李丽云因为丈夫拒签手术同意书而造成“一尸两命”的事件,“拒签”事件击中了医疗法规知情同意权在医疗实施过程中的软肋。如何保护病人的生命权、被救助权和手术权,如何让医院救死扶伤而没有后顾之忧,建议政府部门应该建立相应的“国家担保”制度,使病人得到最为及时有效的抢救和治疗。以免类似的悲剧再次发生。     

Designing Urban Experiences. The Case of Zuidas,Amsterdam

Zuidas is a new city centre, which is emerging in the outskirts of Amsterdam. The ambitious project of developing a new international city centre has been carefully planned as the Netherlands has a strong and meticulous tradition for urban planning. The planning has however not only encompassed traditional urban planning aspects such as infrastructure, environmental factors and aesthetics, but has also dealt with the design of urban experiences. Through an introduction of the framework of the structure of experiences, this article examines how urban experiences can be understood and analysed, and deals with how urban experiences can be designed through careful consideration of how experiences are constituted. Taking the psychological structure of experiences into account when designing urbanity is not only interesting, but also highly relevant as Zuidas is competing with other international venues such as La Défense, the Docklands and Potsdamer Platz.     

Dual pathways to engage in ‘Silent Marches’ against violence: moral outrage,moral cleansing and modes of identification

A survey (N = 120) examined variables that contribute to the willingness of people to engage in silent marches against violence in the Netherlands. As argued in Sacred Value Protection Model (SVPM) of Tetlock, Kristel, Elson, Green, and Lerner ( 2000 ) and moral mandate theory of Skitka, Bauman, and Sargis ( 2005 ), moral threats that are triggered by violent incidents, may indeed drive people to protest against such incidents. Our findings indicated dual pathways to such protests, that are all associated with reactive, angry empathic concerns. These concerns involve people's outrageous, punitive reactions towards offenders on behalf of the victims. These concerns are directly or indirectly related to people's participation intentions. That is, they directly influence the participation intention variable, or indirectly, through (re‐)establishing the belief in a just‐world, or through more fearful, self‐directed moral cleansing reactions. These latter reactions aim at reinforcing community‐shared moral standards. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

美国的患儿同意及借鉴意义

准确地评定患儿的同意能力,保障患儿的同意权得以有效行使,有利于尊重患儿的人格尊严,促进患儿身心健康。从患儿同意能力和同意权的角度出发,简要回顾了美国患儿同意产生的背景,介绍了美国患儿同意的现状,并对其进行了一定的分析和评价,希望对促进我国患儿同意的发展起到一定的借鉴作用。     

从李丽云事件看生命健康权、患者自主权和医生干涉权

当患方行使自主权所做的决定危及自身生命健康权时,能否赋予医生干涉权以实现生命高于一切的理念？阐明了生命健康权、患者自主权和医生干涉权的关系．并从我国实际出发,论述不能通过赋予医生干涉权来避免类似李丽云悲剧的发生,建议立法完善对民事行为能力的规定,建立司法机关或其他第三方机构提前快速审查机制来解决自主权与生命权的冲突。     

当代医药卫生改革的话语逻辑

运用语言哲学的方法分析了目前中国关于深化医药卫生体制改革意见的话语方式和文本内容,认为,如何划分医药卫生体系往往是界定问题和言语行动的逻辑前提,也是最重要的话语权的体现;“看病难”和“看病贵”可能是被误读的流行语;文件说什么,如何说,这是一种影响政府和市场行为的言语行为;如果作为医改指导思想的核心概念的语义含糊不清,那么,就难以保证言语行为的正确了。