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391.
We aimed to distinguish electrophysiological signatures of visual awareness from other task-related processes through manipulating the level of processing of visual stimuli. During an event-related EEG experiment, 36 subjects performed either color (low-level condition) or magnitude (high-level condition) evaluations of masked digits. Participants also assessed subjective visibility of each stimulus using the Perceptual Awareness Scale (PAS). Mean amplitude of the components of interest was analyzed (VAN − 140–240 ms; LP − 380–480 ms) with weighted regression mixed model. In the VAN component time window the mean amplitude correlated with PAS rating in both conditions. Mean amplitude in the LP time window correlated with PAS ratings in the high-level condition, but not in the low-level condition. Our results support the temporal unfolding of ERP makers of conscious processing, with an early component reflecting the initial perceptual experience and a late component being a correlate of the conscious experience of non-perceptual information. 相似文献
392.
现在越来越多的证据显示短期胰岛素强化治疗可以使血糖接近正常,并明显改善胰岛β细胞功能,但是也有专家认为这种胰岛素治疗的代价比能带来的好处更多。本文运用比较治疗学的观点就这一问题进行了探讨,并强调了胰岛素强化治疗在早期2型糖尿病治疗中的重要意义。 相似文献
393.
持续性植物状态若干问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
明确意识的含义及意识障碍的分类是分析持续性植物状态的前提。根据多年临床经验对持续性植物状态的定义、评分标准、诊断与鉴别诊断进行深入割析。植物状态的研究取得相当进展,但从诊断、评分到治疗手段仍面临诸多困惑,而神经干细胞移植和神经电刺激术是未来希望所在。 相似文献
394.
从干细胞研究发展和胰腺生理病理学研究发展两个方面,横向和纵向两个角度阐述了胰腺干细胞研究的思路,用辩证认识论和普遍联系与对立统一原理分析了胰腺干细胞研究中所面临的问题和挑战,提出应对的策略和方法,并结合胰腺干细胞发展现状,展望其应用前景。 相似文献
395.
David Ellerman 《Axiomathes》2007,17(1):19-39
Since its formal definition over sixty years ago, category theory has been increasingly recognized as having a foundational
role in mathematics. It provides the conceptual lens to isolate and characterize the structures with importance and universality
in mathematics. The notion of an adjunction (a pair of adjoint functors) has moved to center-stage as the principal lens.
The central feature of an adjunction is what might be called “determination through universals” based on universal mapping
properties. A recently developed “heteromorphic” theory about adjoints suggests a conceptual structure, albeit abstract and
atemporal, for how new relatively autonomous behavior can emerge within a system obeying certain laws. The focus here is on
applications in the life sciences (e.g., selectionist mechanisms) and human sciences (e.g., the generative grammar view of
language).
相似文献
David EllermanEmail: |
396.
Abduction is or subsumes a process of inference. It entertains possible hypotheses and it chooses hypotheses for further scrutiny.
There is a large literature on various aspects of non-symbolic, subconscious abduction. There is also a very active research
community working on the symbolic (logical) characterisation of abduction, which typically treats it as a form of hypothetico-deductive
reasoning. In this paper we start to bridge the gap between the symbolic and sub-symbolic approaches to abduction. We are
interested in benefiting from developments made by each community. In particular, we are interested in the ability of non-symbolic
systems (neural networks) to learn from experience using efficient algorithms and to perform massively parallel computations
of alternative abductive explanations. At the same time, we would like to benefit from the rigour and semantic clarity of
symbolic logic. We present two approaches to dealing with abduction in neural networks. One of them uses Connectionist Modal
Logic and a translation of Horn clauses into modal clauses to come up with a neural network ensemble that computes abductive
explanations in a top-down fashion. The other combines neural-symbolic systems and abductive logic programming and proposes
a neural architecture which performs a more systematic, bottom-up computation of alternative abductive explanations. Both
approaches employ standard neural network architectures which are already known to be highly effective in practical learning
applications. Differently from previous work in the area, our aim is to promote the integration of reasoning and learning
in a way that the neural network provides the machinery for cognitive computation, inductive learning and hypothetical reasoning,
while logic provides the rigour and explanation capability to the systems, facilitating the interaction with the outside world.
Although it is left as future work to determine whether the structure of one of the proposed approaches is more amenable to
learning than the other, we hope to have contributed to the development of the area by approaching it from the perspective
of symbolic and sub-symbolic integration.
相似文献
John WoodsEmail: |
397.
近年来,许多研究者开始关注社会交流中的人际神经同步机制,并将人际神经同步作为研究社会交流的一个神经指标,这对于揭示社会交流的本质和规律具有重要意义。本文从心理理论和镜像神经系统的角度,分析社会交流中神经同步的认知机制及其影响因素。未来的研究应关注这两套机制是否因交流目的、对象、形式或内容的不同,而在不同的脑区表现出神经同步,进而引发了不同认知机制的争议;以及这两套机制各自或协同工作适用的情景和任务。 相似文献
398.
399.
本研究探讨脂肪干细胞复合脂肪颗粒对裸鼠皮下血管化的影响。将12只裸鼠身上标记三个点,将三组试剂分别注射,分析结果如下:肉眼观察:取材时,裸鼠背部注射部皮下有一团状组织块,脂肪组织形状不规则,大小不一。微血管密度:A组明显高于B组、C组,且差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01);B组明显高于c组,且差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。存活率比较:A组明显高于B组、C组,且差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01);B组明显高于C组,且差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。脂肪颗粒作为生物支架可加速脂肪干细胞的促血管化作用,从而促进移植物的存活与生长。 相似文献
400.
肺癌肿瘤干细胞研究是肺癌与肿瘤干细胞学说交叉所形成的新研究领域,将根本改变临床肺癌防治的方式。反思从肿瘤干细胞学说的提出到肺癌肿瘤干细胞研究,树立自然辨证观念,用科学方法论指导肺癌肿瘤干细胞研究。 相似文献