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31.
Weimin Mo 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(2):247-264
Cogito, as the first principle of Descartes’ metaphysical system, initiated the modern philosophy of consciousness, becoming both the source and subject of modern Western philosophical discourse. The philosophies of Maine de Biran, Kant, Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, and others developed by answering the following questions? Is consciousness substantial or not? Does consciousness require the guarantee of a transcendental subject? Is Cogito epistemological or ontological? Am I a being-for-myself or a being-for-others? Outlining the developmental history of the idea of Cogito from Descartes to Sartre is important for totally comprehending the evolution and development of Western philosophy. 相似文献
32.
Hartmann Scheiblechner 《Psychometrika》2007,72(1):43-67
The (univariate) isotonic psychometric (ISOP) model (Scheiblechner, 1995) is a nonparametric IRT model for dichotomous and
polytomous (rating scale) psychological test data. A weak subject independence axiom W1 postulates that the subjects are ordered
in the same way except for ties (i.e., similarly or isotonically) by all items of a psychological test. A weak item independence
axiom W2 postulates that the order of the items is similar for all subjects. Local independence (LI or W3) is assumed in all
models. With these axioms, sample-free unidimensional ordinal measurements of items and subjects become feasible. A cancellation
axiom (Co) gives, as a result, the additive isotonic psychometric (ADISOP) model and interval scales for subjects and items,
and an independence axiom (W4) gives the completely additive isotonic psychometric (CADISOP) model with an interval scale
for the response variable (Scheiblechner, 1999). The d-ISOP, d-ADISOP, and d-CADISOP models are generalizations to d-dimensional dependent variables (e.g., speed and accuracy of response).
The author would like to thank an Associate Editor and two anonymous referees and also Professor H.H. Schulze for their very
valuable suggestions and corrections. 相似文献
33.
Jan Woleński 《Studia Logica》2007,86(3):479-497
This paper proposes a formal framework for the cognitive relation understood as an ordered pair with the cognitive subject
and object of cognition as its members. The cognitive subject is represented as consisting of a language, conequence relation
and a stock of accepted theories, and the object as a model of those theories. This language allows a simple formulation of
the realism/anti-realism controversy. In particular, Tarski’s undefinability theorem gives a philosophical argument for realism
in epistemology.
Special Issue Formal Epistemology II. Edited by Branden Fitelson 相似文献
34.
Group members are challenged to form psychologically meaningful relationships with therapists, other members, and the group
as a whole. The way in which individuals perceive this challenge is based on their past experiences. Early relationships establish
a perceptual frame in which fears of being hurt and concern about hurting others coexist. Balance between these two ways of
generating meaning enables individuals to form relatively healthy relationships. Imbalance in this perceptual frame results
in distorted perceptions and maladaptive patterns emerging as transference manifestations. Working through involves repeatedly
addressing distortions as members relate to therapists, others and the group as a whole. 相似文献
35.
36.
When depression alternates with mania, as in a bipolar affective disorder, creativity might be enhanced. To investigate this, we employed a single‐subject design, looking at both affective space and the spectral covariation of mood and creativity in a participant presenting with bipolar affective disorder. The study was conducted over a period of 54 days, and employed a standard measure of mood (the Brief Mood Introspection Scale) and a standard task of creativity (Alternative Uses Task). Both positive affect and negative affect appear to be somewhat undifferentiated for this participant, and her mood space does not conform to that described by the accepted major dimensions of Arousal and Pleasure. Conceivably, this is because of her rapid mood fluctuations. A 2.7‐day periodicity was found for Tired, Peppy, Nervous, and Calm, on the one hand, and ideational fluency, ideational flexibility, and originality, on the other. In addition, a 9‐day periodicity was common to Happy, Sad, and Gloomy—all three affects clustering in the same affective space—together with both ideational flexibility and originality. This finding brings into question the relationship between creativity and both positive and negative mood. 相似文献
37.
Angela J. Carter 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2018,27(5):552-553
I welcome the paper on Neoliberal ideology in WOP as a valuable critique of Work and Organizational Psychology (WOP) encouraging practitioners and researchers to think carefully about what they are trying to achieve and how they make sense of the world of work. 相似文献
38.
39.
《Journal of Global Ethics》2013,9(1):19-36
NGO-based and rigorously monitored development programmes are bringing about important and positive socio-economic changes in the developing world. However, there are numerous instances of the employment of aggressive and grueling monitoring techniques which objectify the subject of development, the primary stakeholder, claiming development results as the successful achievement of goals of the donor or implementing organization. It is in this context that one can speak of an ethic of monitoring development programmes. The paper argues that such an ethic can be positively based on principles like empowering people through development work without hurting their sense of self-worth, the principle of trust and partnership and, negatively, never striving to objectify any person or people for the achievement of some objective, even if this objective is in itself honourable and desirable. The paper contends that if development is freeing the subject, the central player, to exercise their capability to live their life to the fullest, then development monitoring and development work in general has to enhance freedom, autonomy and openness. 相似文献
40.
本文对<易传>之成书及学派归属问题得出自己的结论后,从人类社会演进图式与"三材之道"、<易传>与理想人格塑造、<易传>与主体价值的实现三个层面对<易传>儒道结合的政治思想特征做了深入剖析,指出<易传>思想是以儒家思想为基本价值观,在吸收和借鉴道家思想及阴阳家思想的基础上,把它们与儒家思想结合起来,为儒家思想注入了新的思想内容,在更高层次上建构了儒家的天道观和人道观,从而达到为儒家思想寻求形而上价值依据的目的. 相似文献