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131.
Goldschmidt AB Tanofsky-Kraff M Goossens L Eddy KT Ringham R Yanovski SZ Braet C Marcus MD Wilfley DE Yanovski JA 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,46(7):777-787
OBJECTIVE: Research suggests that subtyping adults with binge eating disorders by dietary restraint and negative affect predicts comorbid psychopathology, binge eating severity, and treatment outcome. Little research has explored the validity and clinical utility of subtyping youth along these dimensions. METHOD: Children (aged 8-18 years) reporting loss of control eating (n=159) were characterized based upon measures of dietary restraint and negative affect using cluster analysis, and then compared regarding disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, and parent-reported behavior problems. RESULTS: Robust subtypes characterized by dietary restraint (n=114; 71.7%) and dietary restraint/high negative affect (n=45; 28.3%) emerged. Compared to the former group, the dietary restraint/high negative affect subtype evidenced increased shape and weight concerns, more frequent binge eating episodes, and higher rates of parent-reported problems (all ps<0.05). CONCLUSION: Similar to findings from the adult literature, the presence of negative affect may mark a more severe variant of loss of control eating in youth. Future research should explore the impact of dietary restraint/negative affect subtypes on psychiatric functioning, body weight, and treatment outcome. 相似文献
132.
Corinna Mieth 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2008,11(1):15-36
With regard to the problem of world poverty, libertarian theories of corrective justice emphasize negative duties and the
idea of responsibility whereas utilitarian theories of help concentrate on positive duties based on the capacity of the helper.
Thomas Pogge has developed a revised model of compensation that entails positive obligations that are generated by negative
duties. He intends to show that the affluent are violating their negative duties to ensure that their conduct will not harm
others: They are contributing to and profiting from an unjust global order. But the claim that negative duty generated positive
obligations are more acceptable than positive duties is contestable. I examine whether Henry Shue’s model that is integrating
negative duties and positive duties is more convincing concerning the foundation of positive duties to protect others. I defend
the idea that there are positive duties of justice. This approach can integrate an allocation of positive duties via responsibility
and maintain the advantage of an independent foundation of positive duties.
相似文献
Corinna MiethEmail: |
133.
William Franke 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2006,60(1-3):61-76
This essay represents part of an effort to rewrite the history metaphysics in terms of what philosophy never said, nor could
say. It works from the Neoplatonic commentary tradition on Plato’s Parmenides as the matrix for a distinctively apophatic thinking that takes the truth of metaphysical doctrines as something other than
anything that can be logically articulated. It focuses on Damascius in the 5–6th century AD as the culmination of this tradition
in the ancient world and emphasizes that Neoplatonism represents the crisis of Greek metaphysics on account of the inability
to give a rational account of foundations for knowing and of the ultimate principle of beings. Neoplatonism discovered how
all such ultimate principles were necessarily beyond the reach of reason and speech. This apophatic insight is drawn out with
the help of contemporary criticism of Neoplatonic philosophy, defining also some points of divergence. The essay then discusses
the motives for thinking the unsayable in postmodern times on the basis of this parallel with Neoplatonic thought. Discourse’s
becoming critical of itself to the point of self-subversion animates them both. However, the tendency in postmodern thought
to totally reject theology, including negative theology, is a betrayal of its own deepest motivations. This tendency is debated
through an examination of the thought of Jean-Luc Nancy. While any traditional discourse can be negated, the negating and
self-negating capacity of discourse itself is infinite, and this is where a perennial negative theological philosophy of the
unsayable is to be located. Language, eminently the language of philosophy, as infinitely open, points in a direction which
becomes equally and ineluctably theological. 相似文献
134.
Measuring superstitious belief: why lucky charms matter 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A large body of research has attempted to develop theories about the function and origin of superstitious beliefs on the basis of the psychological correlates of such beliefs. Most of this work has measured superstitious belief using the Paranormal Belief Scale (PBS). However, this scale refers solely to negative superstitions (e.g., breaking a mirror will cause bad luck) and omits items referring to positive superstitions (e.g., carrying a lucky charm will bring good luck). The two studies reported here found significant interactions between belief in negative and positive superstitions, and several individual difference measures. These findings have important implications for theory development, demonstrate that the PBS is an incomplete measure of superstitious belief, and highlight the need for future measures to include items referring to positive superstitions. 相似文献
135.
John Merchant 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2009,54(3):339-358
Abstract: This paper begins with an overview of contemporary approaches to archetype theory and notes the radical nature of certain deductions. Some argue that there is no ‘archetype‐as‐such’ as a pre‐existing entity at the core of a complex driving its formation whilst the findings of current neuroscience are calling into question one very thing on which the classical theory is built – innatism. Knox's argument for image schemas raises the question as to the extent to which archetypes can be conceived in any preformationist sense. The question is then posed – to what extent can Jung's classical theory of archetypes be read in light of these current models? The case examples Jung uses to evidence the existence of archetypes, his explications of synchronicity and his own Philemon experience are then reappraised. The conclusion is drawn that it is difficult to evidence the existence of autonomous archetypes unrelated to personal affective experience. Not only would this be expected by emergent/developmental models of archetype but it can explain many of Jung's disjunctive statements about archetype constellation; the difficulties in separating personal and collective psychic content and Jung's apparent Lamarckianism. The implications of these models for theory, clinical practice and analyst training are then offered for discussion. 相似文献
136.
Iris M. Engelhard Marcel A. van den Hout Miriam J.J. Lommen 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(7):697-700
Numerous studies have related neuroticism to negative emotional outcomes of adverse life events, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, the nature of the relationship between neuroticism and post-trauma symptoms is unclear. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine whether individuals high in neuroticism, relative to low neuroticism individuals, show a larger increase in symptoms after an adverse event. A sample of infantry troops completed questionnaires before deployment to Iraq (n = 214) and about five months (n = 170; 76%) thereafter. The findings showed that, after controlling for an indicator of trauma severity, (a) higher neuroticism individuals reported more PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, and somatic problems after negative events, and (b) these relationships disappeared after controlling for pre-trauma symptoms. There were no significant differences between individuals high and low in neuroticism in the increase in symptoms from pre to post-trauma. This suggests that individuals high in neuroticism are not more reactive to adverse events. 相似文献
137.
运用追踪设计和分层回归分析, 探究了281名儿童6个月和14个月时的受限后沮丧、恐惧和微笑大笑如何影响24个月时父母养育方式, 以及这种影响是否随儿童年龄增长而变化。研究结果显示:(1)6个月时, 仅受限后沮丧能正向预测24个月时母亲严厉的养育方式, 14个月时受限后沮丧仍能正向预测母亲的严厉, 恐惧也能正向预测母亲的保护担忧, 而微笑大笑能正向预测母亲的接受, 负向预测母亲的严厉和保护担忧;(2)6个月时, 儿童的受限后沮丧能正向预测24个月时父亲的严厉和保护担忧, 14个月儿童的受限后沮丧仍能正向预测24个月时父亲的严厉。 相似文献
138.
139.
The aim of the present essay is to discuss the interconnection between risk-factor research and prevention program development for panic-spectrum psychopathology. We argue that prevention of panic-spectrum psychopathology specifically, and anxiety disorders more generally, is likely to be best advanced through active, systematic translation of basic, risk-factor research. After operationalizing key terminology, we present some exemplar risk-factor candidates for panic-spectrum psychopathology, summarize research related to their role as risk-factors for panic problems, and link this discussion to risk-factor nomenclature. We then present a translational framework for extrapolating extant knowledge on these and other potential risk-factors for panic-spectrum psychopathology with respect to the development of preventative interventions. The proposed translational framework is intended to describe a forward-feeding process by which risk-factor research could be used by clinical researchers to inform prevention programs; and reciprocally, how such prevention knowledge could be most effectively utilized to drive new, clinically focused risk-factor research. 相似文献
140.
Twelve pigeons were exposed to negative automaintenance contingencies for 17-27 sessions immediately after brief (14-16 sessions) or extended (168-237 sessions) exposure to positive automaintenance contingencies, or after 4-10 sessions of instrumental training. In all conditions, negative automaintenance contingencies virtually eliminated responding, reducing response rates to an average 1.3 responses per min. This reduction in response rate was validated by a model of transition between early and late response rates that assumed exponential transition of rates from one set of contingencies to the next. The model faithfully reproduced cumulative records, and yielded estimates of terminal rates under negative automaintenance that were close to operant level. 相似文献