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781.
Lancioni GE Singh NN O'Reilly MF Sigafoos J Oliva D Scalini L Castagnaro F Di Bari M 《Cognitive processing》2007,8(4):279-283
The present study assessed the possibility of promoting pre-ambulatory foot–leg movements in children with multiple disabilities
by motivating their action through contingent stimulation combined with a support device. Two children aged 10 and 8 years
participated. Microswitch technology (i.e., pressure sensors under the shoes or optic sensors at the front–inner side of the
shoes) served for detecting the foot–leg movements and providing contingent stimulation on their occurrence. Sensor activation
produced 5 s of stimulation during intervention. Data showed that both children had significant increases in foot–leg movements
during the intervention phases. Implications of the data in terms of skill acquisition and further intervention prospects
are discussed. 相似文献
782.
783.
Performance of children under a multiple random-ratio random-interval schedule of reinforcement 下载免费PDF全文
Three children, aged 1.5, 2.5, and 4.5 years, pressed telegraph keys under a two-component multiple random-ratio random-interval schedule of reinforcement. In the first condition, responses on the left key were reinforced under a random-interval schedule and responses on the right key were reinforced under a random-ratio schedule. In the second condition, the schedule components were reversed. In the third condition, the original arrangement was reinstated. For all subjects, rates of responding were higher in the random-ratio component despite higher rates of reinforcement in the random-interval component. The average interreinforcement interval of the random-interval component was increased in the fourth condition, resulting in more similar rates of reinforcement for both schedule components, and then returned to its original value in the fifth condition. In both conditions, all subjects continued to exhibit higher rates of responding in the ratio component than in the interval component. Although these observations are consistent with results from studies with pigeons, it is argued that the response-rate differences between the interval and ratio schedule components are sufficient to demonstrate schedule sensitivity. 相似文献
784.
The roles of trauma exposure,rejection sensitivity,and callous‐unemotional traits in the aggressive behavior of justice‐involved youth: A moderated mediation model 下载免费PDF全文
785.
Treatment Efficacy of Multiple Family Therapy for Chinese Families of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 下载免费PDF全文
The treatment efficacy of multiple family therapy (MFT) for Chinese families of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been studied in the past. In this paper, the effect of MFT on different aspects of the lives of the parents in the experimental group (n = 61) was compared with the effect of only the psychoeducational talks on parents in the control group (n = 53). The results of a MANOVA have shown that by the time they reached the posttreatment phase, the parents who had completed the full 42 hours of the MFT program perceived their children's ADHD symptoms as being less serious and less pathological than they had originally thought compared to the parents in the control group. The effect of MFT on parent–child relationships, parenting stress, parental efficacy, hope, and perceived social support was statistically insignificant. Contributions and limitations of our study are discussed. 相似文献
786.
Özlem Ayduk Anett Gyurak Anna Luerssen 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(3):775-782
Prior research shows that social rejection elicits aggression. In this study, we investigated whether this effect is moderated by individual differences in Rejection sensitivity (RS)—a processing disposition to anxiously expect, readily perceive and overreact to rejection. Participants (N = 129) took part in a purported web-based social interaction in which they were either rejected or not by a potential partner. Subsequently, they were given the opportunity to allocate hot sauce to the perpetrator, knowing that he/she disliked spicy food. Amount of hot sauce was used as a behavioral index of aggression. Participants in the rejection condition allocated more hot sauce to the perpetrator than those in the control condition. However, RS moderated this effect such that rejection elicited aggression in high but not in low RS people. These results held after controlling for trait neuroticism. Implications of these findings for understanding how and why rejection elicits aggression are discussed. 相似文献
787.
Lynne M. Harris Mairwen K. Jones Catherine L. Carey 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(2):124-132
Blood-Injection-Injury (BII) phobia is associated with distress and avoidance in response to blood, injury, or receiving injections.
BII phobia can therefore create problems for those receiving medical procedures such as chemotherapy. The prevalence rate
of BII in the general population has been estimated to be less than 5% but as many as 19% of outpatients receiving chemotherapy
surveyed by Carey and Harris (Behaviour Change 22:5–90, 2005) reported BII concerns. This study examined the extent and characteristics
of BII concerns among outpatients receiving chemotherapy for the first time (n = 124). Almost 17% of the sample had scores on the Mutilation Questionnaire comparable to samples with clinical BII phobia.
Those assigned to a high BII concern group based on Mutilation Questionnaire scores reported higher somatic and fainting responses
to BII stimuli and elevated disgust sensitivity, compared to groups selected for low BII concerns. Females had significantly
higher Mutilation Questionnaire scores than males. Thus, the BII concerns of outpatients receiving chemotherapy appear qualitatively
similar to the concerns reported by clinical BII phobia samples and analogue student samples. We suggest that the standard
inclusion of a brief, reliable screening measure of BII concerns for outpatients scheduled for chemotherapy, coupled with
brief, effective interventions to reduce BII-related distress, may be warranted. 相似文献
788.
以228名大学生为被试, 采用内隐联想测验(IAT)、倾向性道德敏感问卷(MDSQ)以及其它有关量表考察其内隐与外显倾向性道德敏感的关系及其预测变量。结果表明:男生比女生表现出在倾向性道德敏感上更高的内隐效应, 而女生则在外显倾向性道德敏感的移情内疚、移情烦扰等因子上得分高于男生, 在惩罚倾向因子上低于男生;大学生被试的外显、内隐倾向性道德敏感没有显著相关;自我监控、道德态度强度均能在不同程度上预测内隐与外显倾向性道德敏感的关系, 自我监控的预测作用相对较高。 相似文献
789.
Pennington BF 《Cognition》2006,101(2):385-413
The emerging etiological model for developmental disorders, like dyslexia, is probabilistic and multifactorial while the prevailing cognitive model has been deterministic and often focused on a single cognitive cause, such as a phonological deficit as the cause of dyslexia. So there is a potential contradiction in our explanatory frameworks for understanding developmental disorders. This paper attempts to resolve this contradiction by presenting a multiple cognitive deficit model of developmental disorders. It describes how this model evolved out of our attempts to understand two comorbidities, those between dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and between dyslexia and speech sound disorder (SSD). 相似文献
790.
Vujanovic AA Zvolensky MJ Bernstein A Feldner MT McLeish AC 《Behaviour research and therapy》2007,45(6):1393-1400
The present investigation sought to examine the interactive effects of anxiety sensitivity [AS; Reiss, S., & McNally, R. J. (1985). Expectancy model of fear. In S. Reiss, & R. R. Bootzin (Eds.), Theoretical issues in behavior therapy (pp. 107-121). San Diego: Academic Press] and mindfulness [Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefit of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848] in predicting panic-relevant processes. A community sample of 248 individuals participated in the study by completing a battery of self-report instruments. Consistent with prediction, the interaction between AS and mindfulness significantly predicted anxious arousal symptoms and agoraphobic cognitions, above and beyond the individual main effects, and did not significantly predict anhedonic depression symptoms. Contrary to prediction, the AS by mindfulness interaction did not significantly predict body vigilance. Theoretical implications are discussed and future directions are delineated. 相似文献