Nine-month-old infants are sensitive to the temporal alignment of prosodic and gesture prominences

This study investigated the sensitivity of 9-month-old infants to the alignment between prosodic and gesture prominences in pointing–speech combinations. Results revealed that the perception of prominence is multimodal and that infants are aware of the timing of gesture–speech combinations well before they can produce them.     

Teaching effective hand raising to children with autism during group instruction

We taught 3 children with autism to raise a hand or keep both hands down depending on their status (e.g., having heard a target word, possessing a specific item) using modeling, prompting, and reinforcement. All 3 children acquired accurate hand-raising skills in response to progressively more difficult discrimination tasks during group instruction. The implications for preparing children for general education settings are discussed.     

宋代理学家的犯罪心理学思想研究

以二程和朱熹为代表的理学家的犯罪心理学思想比较丰富,对后世的犯罪心理学思想的发展具有重要影响。这里,我们拟从人性与犯罪、人欲与犯罪、刑罚与教化等三个方面对宋代理学家的犯罪心理学思想作一些初步探讨。     

"河图""洛书"与洛邑之营建及神道设教——关于"河图""洛书"的新揣测

"河图"、"洛书"最早很可能是周公决定营建洛邑的地图及占卜卜辞.而其后来不断被神化则是统治阶级为了神道设教、愚民以治的需要.     

Perceptual biases for multimodal cues in chimpanzee (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pan troglodytes</Emphasis>) affect recognition

The ability of organisms to discriminate social signals, such as affective displays, using different sensory modalities is important for social communication. However, a major problem for understanding the evolution and integration of multimodal signals is determining how humans and animals attend to different sensory modalities, and these different modalities contribute to the perception and categorization of social signals. Using a matching-to-sample procedure, chimpanzees discriminated videos of conspecifics' facial expressions that contained only auditory or only visual cues by selecting one of two facial expression photographs that matched the expression category represented by the sample. Other videos were edited to contain incongruent sensory cues, i.e., visual features of one expression but auditory features of another. In these cases, subjects were free to select the expression that matched either the auditory or visual modality, whichever was more salient for that expression type. Results showed that chimpanzees were able to discriminate facial expressions using only auditory or visual cues, and when these modalities were mixed. However, in these latter trials, depending on the expression category, clear preferences for either the visual or auditory modality emerged. Pant-hoots and play faces were discriminated preferentially using the auditory modality, while screams were discriminated preferentially using the visual modality. Therefore, depending on the type of expressive display, the auditory and visual modalities were differentially salient in ways that appear consistent with the ethological importance of that display's social function.