Depotentiation of vdccLTP Requires NMDAR Activation

Long-term potentiation is an enduring increase in synaptic efficacy following repeated stimulation of afferent fibers that is thought to underlie memory. In area CA1 of the hippocampus at least two forms of synaptic potentiation coexist at the same synapses; nmdaLTP and vdccLTP. NmdaLTP is induced by Ca2+ entry through NMDARs and is dependent on serine/threonine kinase activation, while vdccLTP is induced through Ca2+ entry through VDCCs and is dependent on tyrosine kinase activation. Depotentiation is a mechanism known to reverse nmdaLTP through phosphatase activation. The depotentiation of vdccLTP has not been previously investigated. We used hippocampal slices (area CA1) from male Long-Evans rats to induce vdccLTP with a 200-Hz tetanus in the presence of 50 microM APV. The 200-Hz tetanus resulted in a slowly developing vdccLTP that remained stable for at least 30 min. Thirty minutes after vdccLTP was induced, a low-frequency tetanus (3, 10, 20, 30, or 40 Hz) was applied in the presence of APV in an attempt to depotentiate vdccLTP. The 3- and 10-Hz low-frequency tetani resulted in no depotentiation. The 20- and 30-Hz tetani partially depotentiated vdccLTP (by approximately 13%), whereas the 40-Hz tetanus resulted in further potentiation. When APV was washed out prior to the 3-Hz low-frequency tetanus, the vdccLTP was completely depotentiated--presumably by NMDAR mechanisms. Our results indicate that vdccLTP is resistant to depotentiation under low-frequency stimulation conditions that readily depotentiate nmdaLTP. As tetanus frequencies are increased a small depotentiation is observed, suggesting that vdccLTP can be depotentiated to a small extent. When NMDARs are unblocked, vdccLTP can be completely depotentiated by a 3-Hz low-frequency tetanus, suggesting that vdccLTP can be depotentiated via activation of NMDAR mechanisms.     

关于《上清经》

本文探讨《上清经》与上清派的命名、《上清原统经目注序》的撰作时间和作者以及东晋《上清经》的成书等问题。着重考察了华侨、杨羲、许谧、许翽等制作的首批上清经、传、诰的情况,并列书名、篇目;同时指出《上清经》的某些复杂性质。本文对与经书相关的道教分派标准问题也提出了自己的见解。     

关于手术戒毒规范化开展的思考

吸毒成瘾是严重的医学和社会学问题。国内、外对吸毒成瘾采取的治疗方案由脱毒、防复吸和回归社会三个相互关联的方法构成。但收效甚微,复吸率居高不下。西安第四军医大学唐都医院神经外科在动物实验和借鉴以往经验的基础上,将立体定向技术用于毁损脑内与毒品心理依赖密切相关的关键位点的异常部分,对其异常功能进行调整,从而达到彻底戒毒的目的,取得了良好的疗效。本文介绍了手术戒毒在我国的发展历史,提出了规范化开展手术戒毒的建议。     

β-受体阻滞剂治疗慢性心力衰竭的哲学发展观

随着科学技术的快速发展和人们认识的不断深入,慢性心力衰竭（CHF）的发病机制处于不断嬗变的过程,CHF的药物治疗概念也发生了根本性的变化。β-受体阻滞剂在CHF的治疗策略中,经历了从禁用到必用的过程,成为了CHF药物治疗的重大突破。大量临床试验表明,β-受体阻滞剂不仅能改善患者预后,而且能明显改善左室的舒张和收缩功能,全面改善患者的血流动力学,提高患者的运动耐量和生活质量,延长生存时间。β-受体阻滞剂在CHF治疗中地位的变化,体现了哲学发展观与疾病的治疗以及药物应用的紧密联系,指导着我们的临床实践,也体现了哲学与自然科学的密切联系。本文将β-受体阻滞剂治疗CHF的新旧观念进行阐述、比较,对其作用机制以及临床用药进行介绍,并对其发展空间进行展望。随着科学的进步,人类有能力从长远的角度控制疾病。     

晚期非小细胞肺癌TKIs治疗：关注与思考

以表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）为靶点的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKIs）对晚期非小细胞肺癌EGFR突变患者的治疗效果令人瞩目。本文分析总结近年国内外相关研究,指出低剂量TKIs的应用虽有待进一步证实,但优于标准剂量组,并从安全性、改善肿瘤血管结构和功能、与细胞毒化疗的关系三方面探讨大剂量TKIs的应用效果。进一步分析指出大剂量联合小剂量TKIs能够最大程度地防止或延迟耐药的发生,进而控制疾病的进展。从而,为晚期非小细胞肺癌EGFR突变患者的TKIs治疗选择提供参考。     

药物成瘾机制与手术戒毒研究进展

本文从神经束路学、神经生理学、神经化学和分子神经生物学等方面分析了药物成瘾的病理生理学机制。探讨了立体定向手术戒毒的理论依据及发展方向：通过射频毁损或脑深部电刺激,部分破坏或抑制脑内异常兴奋点,阻断药物刺激引起的病理性信息传递,进而打破药物引起的病理性平衡,通过脑功能的代偿作用和手术后适当的心理行为康复治疗使成瘾相关环路在新水平上重建相对健康的平衡,进而达到减轻药物心理依赖、降低复吸率的目的。     

Muslim–Paulician Encounters and Early Islamic Anti-Christian Polemical Writings

This article investigates the portrayals of the Paulicians in early Islamic sources and specifically analyses the role that Paulician religious views play in Islamic anti-Christian writings. The study also gives insights into the nature of materials that were available to Muslim scholars and the strategies they applied in constructing coherent arguments to refute certain Christian religious beliefs. In doing so, the study touches upon Muslims’ religious needs and scholarly curiosity, which sheds light on their intellectual interactions with non-Islamic religious beliefs and philosophical ideas. The article demonstrates that references to Paulician religious beliefs can be found primarily in early Christian–Islamic polemics. Muslim polemicists, most of whom were Mu?tazilites, attempted to demonstrate the soundness and the coherence of Islamic tenets vis-à-vis inadequacies and contradictions in Christian doctrines. The reliance of Muslim polemicists on heresiographical discourse therefore constituted an important strategy to substantiate their polemical arguments. Two major issues stand out in Islamic portrayals of Paulician doctrines: the centrality of Paul of Samosata in the history of the sect, and his association with the view that Jesus was a human being devoid of divinity.