贫困地区初中生学业自我效能、内部动机与学业成绩的关系研究

对贫困地区初中生学业自我效能、内部动机与学业成绩之间关系的测量研究表明：不同学业成绩组学生在自我效能、成功动机、促进性紧张、期望水平和自己责任性方面差异显著;学业自我效能与内部动机诸因素有密切关系、共同构成影响学业成绩的内在因素;对学业成绩正向预测作用最强的是自我效能,其次是促进性紧张和成功交往动机。     

Autochthony through self-organization: Interactivism and emergence in a virtual environment

In this paper we take an interactivist perspective on the computer-mediated classroom, and explore the autopoietic teaching approach in the context of emergence of diversity in the classroom. The POPSICLE (Patterns in Orientation: Pattern-Aided Simulated Interaction Context-Learning Experiment) is presented and discussed, as well as its multiple consequences. POPSICLE is a study of learning in human subjects, as well as of interaction and transfer of knowledge between subjects in a collaborative environment.     

The stranger1

This work concerns a nine‐year analytical experience with a patient who presented as a main feature an apparent inability to experience and express feelings. Right from the beginning the author was confronted with the question of the viability of analytical work, considering transference or emotional involvement in the absence of perceptible establishment of an affective link on the part of the patient. The patient never missed a session, was usually very punctual and presented very rich material, but the accounts of his life, everything he was saying, hearing and observing was manifestly deprived of any emotional meaning for the patient and consequently deprived of sense for the analyst. If, at the beginning, the question was how to communicate with the patient, after some time it became a problem of how to enable the patient to communicate with himself. Confi rming an observation by Bion that the patient is the best colleague the analyst can have, the way forward was indicated by the patient himself. This article is a theoretical exercise based on this clinical experience, using concepts developed by Bion, Ferro and Winnicott.     

The education of the categorical imperative

In this article, I examine anew the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant and its contributions to educational theory. I make four claims. First, that Kant should be read as having the Categorical Imperative develop out of subjective maxims. Second, that moral self-perfection is the aim of moral education. Third, that moral self-perfection develops by children habituating the results of their moral maxims in scenarios and cases. Fourth, that character and culture, Kant’s highest aims for humanity, are the ultimate beneficiaries of this process.     

What is Classical and Non-Classical Knowledge?

Mamardašvili’s ‘classical’ paradigm of knowledge is seen to be minimally based on extrapolations from Descartes’ classical philosophy to which Mamardašvili attributes features that rather anticipate his own post-classical ontology. The latter is oriented towards the primacy of perception as a subjective process, in which the self-conscious subject constructs the world, not as illusion, but as a ‘picture’ or ‘model’ (Wittgenstein’s Bild). By examining Mamardašvili’s definition of the ‘phenomenon’ against the␣background of Husserl’s ‘reduction’, Wittgenstein’s ‘object’ and the Freudian and post-structuralist psychoanalytic model of subjectivity, the paper arrives at the inference that Mamardašvili is essentially a post-Structuralist thinker who appropriates concepts from various critical and philosophical disciplines to construct his own multi-disciplinary theory of consciousness and perception.     

论中医院校学生专业思想教育的几个关键问题

我国高等中医药教育已取得了长足的进步,但对青年学生的专业思想教育还存在许多薄弱环节,影响了科学、严谨、求实、创新等大学校园文化精神的形成。中医院校学生的专业思想教育应贯穿于中医学科教育的全过程,处理好几个关键性问题:构建中医学理论体系的人文哲学基础;正确对待传统文化;把握中医学的思维特征;探索中医学的现代发展等,对广大师生均显得十分必要。     

悟践疗法与中国心理治疗本土化

中国心理学家在心理治疗本土化方面进行了许多尝试,其中开本土化之先河的是悟践疗法。从悟践疗法的发展可以了解在不同社会历史背景下中国心理治疗本土化的早期特征。悟践疗法的人性主义理论是中国心理治疗本土化的理论产物,强调人性是由生物性、心理性和社会性三方面融合的全方位、全息的整体。悟践疗法的认知与行为的有机结合是中国心理治疗本土化的实践特色。理论和实践证明:悟践疗法具有承前启后、与时俱进的历史和现实意义。     

中国逻辑史视野下的先秦易学与名辩学

19世纪以来的中国逻辑史研究,比照西方逻辑,仅仅将先秦的名辩学看成是中国逻辑史的主要部分。其间虽有对《周易》的涉及,但也是浅尝辄止。本文从《周易》经、传产生的年代,特别是《周易》经、传所蕴涵的逻辑内容与先秦名辩逻辑的代表人物孔子、惠施、邓析等人的思想对比,说明先秦易学逻辑对名辩逻辑产生了深刻的影响。得出《周易》的经、传发轫了中国古代逻辑中的推类理论,而名辩学尤其是墨家辩学的推类理论则是对自《周易》以来的推类逻辑传统的总结和提高的结论。     

大学生的阅读理解监控,阅读理解成绩及其相关因素

该研究选取90名大学生为被试,探索了阅读理解监控,阅读理解成绩及其相关因素。结果发现:大学生的阅读广度,阅读理解效能感和对所阅读材料的熟悉程度对其理解监控水平具有直接的影响作用;大学生的阅读理解监控,阅读广度和阅读材料的难度对其阅读理解成绩具有直接的影响作用;阅读广度同时经由阅读理解监控进而对阅读理解成绩具有间接影响作用。     

气质特征对学龄前儿童牙科治疗行为的影响

为探索气质特征对学龄前儿童牙科治疗行为的影响,本研究采用《中国学龄前儿童气质量表(CPTS)》测查了218名3~7岁首次接受牙科治疗儿童的气质特征,同时用Frankl Behavior Rating Scale(FBRS)对其牙科治疗行为进行评估。结果显示:适应性、趋避性及心境三个气质维度得分高的儿童出现牙科治疗行为问题几率大,其中适应性与牙科治疗行为问题相关性最大,气质类型为麻烦型、发动缓慢型儿童易出现牙科治疗行为问题,男孩较女孩更容易出现牙科治疗行为问题。本研究结果为临床儿童牙科医生如何应对有牙科治疗行为问题的儿童提供了理论依据,对如何进行牙科行为管理有一定的临床指导价值。