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851.
852.
Daniel Sankowsky 《Journal of Adult Development》1997,4(4):237-242
The norms of scholarly discourse have traditionally excluded personal disclosures in conceptual articles, as if the subjective
nature of such revelations would be inconsistent with the scientific/objective stature of these works. Based on the author's
experience with a recent publication, based on recent studies of researcher projection and bias in case studies, and using
a framework of organizational communication, it is suggested here that there is indeed a contribution such disclosures can
make. It is not recommended that sharing on a personal level become a new norm, but rather that the choice to share be considered
as viable in a scholarly context. Five specific benefits of such sharing are listed, including unearthing and revealing bias,
demystifying the process of discovery, and avoiding the trap of defensive reasoning. 相似文献
853.
854.
90年代初,中国民航在有关现代航空人类因素研究的基础上,开始对其飞行员选拔程序展开了一系列的修订工作。随着空中交通密度的逐渐增高,新型喷气客机的问世以及国际航线的不断延伸,从而使今后对高素质飞行员的需要更加迫切。1994年中国民航与德国汉莎航空公司携手合作,旨在评价德国这套较为成熟的飞行员选拔程序在中国文化背景下的适应性。该测试系统包括人格、心理运动以及诸如航空知识、操作等能力因素的测量与评价。经一系列汉化及文化适应性修订后,346名中国飞行候选者接受本套系统的测试。结果表明,与德国候选者相比,中国被试在技术知识和数学能力上显著优于德国被试,但在心理运动和英语听力方面却显著低于德国样本的均值水平。1998年将与中国民航飞行学院一道开展该测试系统的效度研究。 相似文献
855.
人格维度与注意分配的关系及其选拔意义 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本研究以210名男性大学生为被试,EPQ确定人格维度,微机测量注意分配,运用正交设计实验与区组实验相结合的方法综合论述了人格维度与注意分配的关系发现:E、E×N、P×E对注意分配有显著影响,N有一定影响,P和P×N的影响不显著。各影响因素的重要性顺序:E×N→P×E/E→N→P→P×N/误差,绘制了单项人格维度与注意分配关系简图。确定了三种人格维度的最佳组合型(注意分配可望最优):P1N2E1,次佳组合型:P3N2E1,最差组合型:P2N3E1,各型注意分配均值分别为0.702、0.680、0.309,本文探讨了实验结果的选拔意义,认为可从个体EPQ的结果来估测其注意分配能力,这在职业心理选拔中有重要应用价值。 相似文献
856.
The interview is the most widely used personnel selection method, but has revealed low reliability and validity compared with other selection methods (Mayfield 1964; Ulrich and Trumbo 1965; Schmitt 1976; Arvey 1979). Thirty-one studies on the validity of the interview were meta-analyzed. The result was an average validity coefficient of .27. The estimated true validity of the interview was calculated to be .38. These values indicated that the interview has moderate validity as a personnel selection device. Six characteristics of the interview were also examined in relation to the validity of the interview: structure of the interview; number of interviewers; length of the interview; gender of the applicant pool; blue-collar/white-collar jobs; and use of college students versus job applicants. The six study characteristics accounted for 30.9% of the variance in the validity of the interview. Structure of the interview appeared to be the only characteristic that moderated the validity of the interview. The relationship of this study to other meta-analyses of the employment interview is discussed. 相似文献
857.
中国成人推理月份时间的加工模型 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
以两个实验对中国成年人推理月份时间的加工模型进行了探索。在实验一中未发现词表模型的距隔效应和方向效应。实验二的结果表明有越界效应,被试解决月份时间顺序作业与解决数字顺序任务在操作特征上有很大的相似性。本研究的结果表明,数字模型能较好地解释中国成年人推理月份时间的认知加工,而Friedman 提出的表象一词表模型则难以作出合理的解释。 相似文献
858.
David R. Breed 《Zygon》1991,26(2):277-308
Abstract. The fourth installment from the author's book-length study of Ralph Wendell Burhoe's life and thought sets forth the substance of his intellectual theological program. Constructed with the intention of laying the foundation for behavior that conforms to the requirements for survival as laid down by the reality system of which we are part, it also aims to provide motivation for such behavior. The heart of the program is formed by concepts of God and soul. The concept of God grounds an understanding of a reality system upon which we are dependent and to which we must conform whereas the concept of soul gives assurance that our behavior does make a difference and that our contributions to the reality system possess an everlasting quality. 相似文献
859.
Warmup in free-operant avoidance as a function of the response-shock = shock-shock interval
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Hineline PN 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1978,30(3):281-291
Warmup effects, the repeated within-session transitions from ineffective to effective avoidance, were examined with rats on free-operant shock-delay procedures. The shock-shock and response-shock intervals were kept equal as they were varied. As measured by both response rates and shock rates, the magnitude of within-session change in performance was inversely related to the size of the manipulated intervals. The duration of warmup tended to decrease as the intervals were increased. This finding, that increased shock frequencies do not shorten the warmup, appears to be inconsistent with all interpretations of the warmup that have been offered to date. Late-session performances replicated general features of prior experiments, but differed with respect to details of secondary conclusions in previous reports. These differences may stem from the selection of especially proficient avoiders for previous experiments. 相似文献
860.
Segerstråle U 《Science and engineering ethics》1995,1(3):197-214
In recent literature, the famous Millikan oil-drop experiment appears as a case of “good scientific judgment” on the one hand,
and scientific misconduct on the other. This article discusses different interpretations of the fact that Nobel laureate Robert
Millikan’s notebooks show that he eliminated a number of oildrops in his published 1913 paper on the charge of the electron,
while reporting that he had included all the drops. Starting with the common source of all Millikan stories, historian of
physics Gerald Holton’s 1978 paper, I discuss recent “canned” versions of Millikan-as-misbehaver in books on scientific fraud.
Then I examine some versions of Millikan-as-good-scientist, particularly the reconstruction by historian of physics Allan
Franklin, and the views of some practicing physicists. Finally, we have an instructive head-on collision between the two standard
treatments of Millikan. The problem with canned stories is not only insufficient information; we also lack a realistic evaluation
of the role of ethics in science. As a fundamentally knowledge-seeking enterprise, science may harbor an inherent, perhaps
irresolvable, conflict between scientific and ethical concerns.
The author’s special interests include standards for “good science”, science and values, and social psychology. 相似文献