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81.
82.
Richard Brower 《Journal of Adult Development》1996,3(1):21-32
Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890) was an artist for 10 years, from 1880 to 1890. As a mature artist, he was capable of executing works in a rapid fashion, sometimes up to three a day and requiring less than an hour for each. But it took him 9 years of deliberate repetition to evolve the competencies with which to execute his works rapidly. This paper examines the first 2 years of his artistic development, a period when he consciously set about to establish the foundations for his later production, including having an overall plan, establishing a skill for drawing before proceeding to painting, experimenting judiciously in a controlled manner, and amplifying novelty by varied repetition. All these factors are considered as work objectivity, which is the notion that regardless of how far-ranging his motivations might have been, he was objective and planful in an approach to the creative enterprise. 相似文献
83.
Collaborative learning in engineering ethics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joseph R. Herkert 《Science and engineering ethics》1997,3(4):447-462
This paper discusses collaborative learning and its use in an elective course on ethics in engineering. Collaborative learning
is a form of active learning in which students learn with and from one another in small groups. The benefits of collaborative
learning include improved student performance and enthusiasm for learning, development of communication skills, and greater
student appreciation of the importance of judgment and collaboration in solving real-world problems such as those encountered
in engineering ethics. Collaborative learning strategies employed in the course include informal small group discussions/problem
solving, role-playing exercises, and cooperative student group projects, including peer grading. Student response to these
techniques has been highly favorable. Realizing the benefits of collaborative learning is a challenge to both teachers, who
must give up some control in the classroom, and students, who must be willing to take greater responsibility for their learning.
An earlier version of this paper was presented by the author at a mini-conference, Practicing and Teaching Ethics in Engineering and Computing, held during the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics, Washington, D.C., March 8–9,
1997
The author teaches courses in Science, Technology and Society and is Director of the Benjamin Franklin Scholars Program, a
dual-degree program in engineering and humanities/social sciences. 相似文献
84.
Larissa Z. Tiedens 《Political psychology》1997,18(1):45-69
One World War II Jewish ghetto that revolted, the Warsaw Ghetto, is compared to one that did not, the Lodz Ghetto, in order to examine the causes of violent resistance. This structured focused comparative method (George, 1979) illuminates problems with previous explanations for revolt and nonrevolt in Jewish ghettos and suggest psychological variables that might have led to or precluded organized violence. Specifically, it appears that these two ghettos differed in their perceptions about their future. The residents of the Warsaw Ghetto believed they had no hope of survival while residents of the Lodz Ghetto remained optimistic. These differing perceptions seem to have led to the different outcomes. Possible causes of these percetpions are also discussed. 相似文献
85.
86.
Effects of a Motivational Interviewing–Based Counseling Program on Classroom Behavior of Children in a Disciplinary Alternative Education Program
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Wannigar Ratanavivan Richard J. Ricard 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2018,96(4):410-423
A multiple single‐case research design was used to explore changes in teacher‐reported behaviors of 15 children who completed a motivational interviewing–based counseling program in a disciplinary alternative education school. Findings indicated that 7 children made a moderate to large improvement in their classroom behaviors while participating in the program. Students’ self‐motivational statements and self‐reported readiness to change were related to actual teacher‐rated behavioral changes. Implications for future research and counseling practice were discussed. 相似文献
87.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) significantly burden youth 13–24 years of age in the United States. Directly engaging youth in sexual health research is a public health priority and urgently needed to develop targeted, youth-friendly, and culturally relevant HIV/STI prevention interventions. Controversies arise, however, regarding informed assent and consent, parental permission or consent, and the definition of “child”/“minor” as it relates to medical, legal, and ethical issues. In this article, we describe challenges in the human subjects review processes that were undertaken before beginning an HIV/STI prevention research project with sexually active youth in an urban setting. These findings provide important contextual information to facilitate youth sexual health research and care, and Institutional Review Board approval processes with fewer delays. 相似文献
88.
A. Sutton 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(3):117-130
Introduction
The relationship between role personality consistency and well-being is somewhat ambiguous, with past research relying on methods confounded by social desirability or role stereotypes, or conflating consistency with authenticity.Objective
This study uses a robust mixed method approach to establish the distinct impacts of authenticity and personality consistency on well-being.Method
In the quantitative phase, 191 participants completed questionnaires assessing contextualised personality, well-being and authenticity. In the subsequent qualitative phase, a stratified sample of 22 participants completed a series of six open-ended reflective questions.Results
Findings demonstrated significant work-home personality differences at the individual, but not group, level and revealed that authenticity, but not personality consistency, predicted well-being. Thematic analysis demonstrated that authenticity was understood as acting in line with personal values rather than demonstrating behavioural consistency across situations. In addition, while both personality differentiation and inauthenticity were seen as functional, their associations with well-being were substantially different: differentiation was associated with both positive and negative feelings and interpretations, while authenticity was exclusively a positive experience.Conclusion
Authenticity, not personality consistency, is the key contributing factor to well-being. People who feel authentic, regardless of the extent of their contextual personality differentiation, are less stressed and more satisfied. 相似文献89.
An automated vehicle needs to learn how human road users communicate with each other in order to avoid misunderstandings and prevent giving a negative outward image during interactions. The aim of the present work is to develop an autonomous driving system which communicates its intentions to change lanes based on implicit and explicit rules used by human drivers. To reach this goal, we aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of which aspects of lane change behaviour makes them cooperative from the perspective of other drivers. Therefore a vehicle used various lane change announcement strategies by varying combinations of driving parameters in a static driving simulator. (First study: Start indicator signal, Waittime, lane change duration; Second study: Longitudinal acceleration). It’s impact on the perception and behaviour of other road users was observed in two studies (N = 25 per study). The results showed that the earlier the merging vehicle was indicating its intentions, the more cooperative it was perceived. When turning on the indicator at a later time participants considered it as more cooperative to merge with a slower or faster lane change duration or to wait longer in the lane before starting to move to the other lane. An early longitudinal acceleration when starting to change lanes is perceived more cooperative. These findings can be used to model a lane change strategy based on human behaviour, which will eventually lead to more acceptable and safer interactions between automated and non-automated road users. 相似文献
90.