Performance of Ethical Military Research is Possible: On and Off the Battlefield

Many of the same fundamental principles and regulations that govern civilian biomedical research also apply to research conducted by the US Military. Despite these similarities, the conduct of research by the US Military has additional requirements designed to preserve service members' informed consent rights, ethical standards and information that may be deemed classified. Furthermore, there are also additional rules and regulations associated with potential research to be done in a combat setting. Before conducting battlefield research, many unique circumstances must be considered to include: (1) the current legal and regulatory requirements for advanced informed consent (2) the tactical situations, and the ability to adequately document in the "austere" environment (3) the need to provide improved drugs and devices for combat casualty care and (4) the special nature of the superior-subordinate relationship. This paper discusses historical background, regulatory oversight, ethical implications and release of information as it pertains to research conducted by the US Military.     

人才派遣员工的心理契约管理

人才派遣新型就业用工形式在我国迅速发展,随着人才派遣员工规模不断扩大,人才派遣员工管理逐渐成为理论和实践领域面临的一个现实课题。本文从人才派遣员工心理契约特征分析入手,提出了派遣员工心理契约管理的意义,以及树立新的组织心理契约管理观念、重视派遣员工心理契约的形成管理和过程管理、重视派遣员工心理契约管理的差异化、探索对派遣员工的有效激励模式和规范人才派遣机构的管理行为和用人单位的使用行为等管理思路。     

无领导小组讨论的多侧面Rasch模型应用*

采用项目反应理论(IRT)的多侧面Rasch模型(MFRM),分析评价中心技术中无领导小组讨论(LGD)的测评结果,探讨被试能力水平、评委评分宽严度、评分内部一致性、维度难度和评定等级等问题,进而讨论各种偏差。通过 MFRM 分析人事测评结果,可深入了解被试能力的真实差异、甑别维度难度、探查测评误差源,从而完善测评试题编制、评估或诊断评委合格性、提高测评维度与测评目的匹配性,为拓展项目反应理论在人事测评中的应用提供独特视角。     

亚当·斯密美德思想对医务人员德性培养的启示

市场经济下人们对私利的追逐必须要有道德约束,如何帮助医学界走出道德困境是必须直面的理论和现实问题。基于亚当•斯密的美德思想,探讨德性伦理在医务人员德性培养中的重要性。通过审慎、正义、仁慈和克己这四种个人具备的美德,将其与医务人员品行培养实际联系起来,得出在市场经济背景下美德思想对医务人员德性培养的启示,即用审慎之美德提升自身业务能力、用正义之美德维护患者健康利益、用仁慈之美德增进患者幸福感以及用克己之美德学会自我管理等,旨在为医务人员的德性培养提供智识支持以促进医患关系和谐发展。

     

Suicide and self-inflicted injuries

The present study addressed itself to the problem of self-inflicted injuries (SII) in the Israeli army, and to the wider question whether non-fatal self injuries and suicide are part of the same phenomenon. The findings show that in some cases SII is an unsucessful suicide while in others SII is anything but a reflection of a death wish. It appears that the modus operandi is a major indication as to the intentions of the actor. The study also demonstrates the difference between the population of the suiciders and that of the SII victims. While suiciders seem to score higher on the Performance Prediction Score (PPS) and Combat Suitability Scale, the SII population seems to be overly represented in the lower parts of the PPS and the Combat Suitability Scale. The study used a data set that represents a 5 year period, and followed the consequences of the SII in terms of medical status and occupational assignment of the actors. The findings yielded some possible policy implications, in terms of a better classification of the relevant populations, and a possible attribution of a more refined meaning to the behavior. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.