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991.
Kathryn Nel Saraswathie Govender Mokgadi Rapetsoa Christopher Nel 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2017,27(6):549-552
We investigated the prevalence of cumulative mild head injury (CMHI) symptoms among college student rugby players pre- and post-season. The players completed a number of neuropsychological tests known to be sensitive to CMHI effects: vocabulary, working memory, motor coordination, and a self-report Post Concussive Symptomology (PCS) checklist. A total of 18 rugby players registered at a South African university were participants (age range 18 to 24 years, SD?=?2.02 years). Data were analysed utilising Fishers Exact Test comparisons of pre- and post-season mean scores. There was significant variability on mean scores between the rugby forwards and backline players in terms of verbal memory and concept formation, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and visual motor-processing speed. Poorer overall scores from the rugby forwards may also be indicative of depression as they reported more insomnia and anger on the PCS than the backline players. 相似文献
992.
Limited and inconsistent research exists regarding the relationship between vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG), which is positive psychological growth experienced as a result of vicarious traumatic exposure, and symptoms of secondary traumatic stress (STS). The current study aimed to investigate whether a curvilinear model explained the VPTG-STS relationship among a sample of 365 nurses, psychologists, counselors, social workers, and medical doctors. Results supported this hypothesis, however this result appeared to largely be governed by the curvilinear relationship found among psychologists; STS was not found to predict VPTG among any other profession. Implications of results are discussed. 相似文献
993.
人类的判断并非十分精确,而且人类还无法清醒认识到自己判断并不准。进化心理学理论认为看似不精确的判断最小化了人类付出的生存代价,从而使个体具有更大的收益,在竞争资源中具有适应优势;而脑科学领域运用fMRI、TMS等技术发现了前额叶的某些区域与判断的精确性有关。未来的研究有待结合进化发展心理学的角度、进化适应的现实解释性角度和认知神经科学发现临床应用的角度展开。 相似文献
994.
995.
David B. Estell Thomas W. Farmer Matthew J. Irvin Amity Crowther Patrick Akos Daniel J. Boudah 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(2):136-150
We examined bullying and victimization in 5th grade classrooms in relation to students’ education status and peer group membership.
The sample consisted of 484 participants (258 girls, 226 boys), including 369 general education students, 74 academically
gifted students, and 41 students with mild disabilities. Students with mild disabilities were more likely to be perceived
as being bullies by both teachers and peers. Teachers also rated students with mild disabilities significantly higher for
being bullied by peers. Academically gifted students were rated by teachers as the lowest for both bullying and being bullied.
Associating with aggressive or perceived-popular peers increased the likelihood of being perceived as a bully. Social isolates
were more likely to be bullied than students who did not associate with perceived-popular peers who, in turn, were more likely
to be bullied than students who associated with perceived-popular peers. Students with mild disabilities who had aggressive
and perceived-popular associates had more peer nominations for bullying than all others. In contrast, students in general
education with neither aggressive nor perceived-popular associates had the fewest peer nominations for bullying. We discuss
implications for research and intervention. 相似文献
996.
Self‐injurious behavior (SIB) that occurs at high rates across all conditions of a functional analysis can suggest automatic or multiple functions. In the current study, we conducted a functional analysis for 1 individual with SIB. Results indicated that SIB was, at least in part, maintained by automatic reinforcement. Further analyses using protective equipment (i.e., a helmet with face shield) revealed an attention function for the SIB. 相似文献
997.
The aim of the present research was to investigate the mediating role of group-level forgiveness and guilt in the relationship between victimhood (the extent to which the conflict affected an individual's life), exposure to violence (the level of violence in their area of residence), and group identity on the one hand, and mild psychiatric morbidity on the other. Specifically the study focused on the psychological impact of the ethnopolitical conflict in Northern Ireland, utilizing people's identification with either the Catholic or Protestant community. Our results revealed that intergroup forgiveness mediated the relationship between both victimhood and group identification, as predictors, and mild psychiatric morbidity. Collective guilt, on the other hand, mediated the relationship between both exposure to violence and group identification, as predictors, and intergroup forgiveness. Overall this study shows that forgiveness and collective guilt can act as mediators in the relationship between impact of ethnopolitical conflict and mental health, at the group level, and thus demonstrates their centrality to the reconciliation process. Implications for intergroup reconciliation initiatives in Northern Ireland are discussed. 相似文献
998.
Dennis Garlick 《Current directions in psychological science》2003,12(5):185-189
Understanding the possible causes of differences in intelligence is crucial if children are to achieve their full potential. Such understanding has been hampered until recently, however, because researchers who study intelligence have neglected recent findings in the brain sciences suggesting that the brain develops in response to environmental stimulation. These findings have seemed to contradict intelligence research that suggests that intellectual abilities are inherited. However, the findings from intelligence research and the brain sciences can be integrated if it is accepted that there are individual differences in the process by which the brain adapts to the environment, such that some people's brains are better at adapting than others'. The findings obtained from intelligence research are consistent with this integrated model. Such an integration has implications for better understanding the nature of intelligence. 相似文献
999.
神经科学领域百年教条被打破引发的思考和启示 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
有关成年脑组织神经元再生的研究是当前神经科学研究的热点内容。相关的研究使得成年脑神经元不能再生“百年教条”不断受到挑战并最终被打破,这一历程体现了科学理论发展的一般规律和特点,给我们带来许多有益的思考和启示。 相似文献
1000.