The anatomy of an insult: Popular derogatory terms connote important individual differences in Agreeableness/Antagonism

In the current series of studies, we investigate the psychosocial connotations of common insults. In Studies 1 and 2, we investigated the most frequently used insults to denigrate men and women (asshole, dick, bitch), and generated trait profiles that can be considered prototypical of each insult. In Studies 3 and 4, we examined how these insults are relevant to other key indicators of interpersonal functioning, including aggression, social information processing, personality disorders, and substance use. We also gathered thin-slice and informant reports. Each of the insults was associated with trait Antagonism, as well as other behaviors that comprise Antagonism’s nomological network (e.g., bullying, psychopathy, etc.). Results are discussed in terms of the importance of everyday language to psychological research.     

A conceptual dismantling of the Five Factor Form: Lexical support for the bipolarity of maladaptive personality structure

The Five Factor Form (FFF) assesses adaptive and maladaptive variants for both poles of the five-factor model (FFM), consistent with the hypothesis that there are indeed maladaptive variants for all 10 poles of the FFM. The current study dismantled the 30 FFF items. It was hypothesized that for each FFF item, the two maladaptive and adaptive components occupying the same side would be rated as similar in meaning, whereas components occupying opposite sides would be dissimilar (opposite) in meaning. The results supported the FFF scoring for four domains with mixed support for openness. The findings support not only the validity of the FFF but as well the perspective that there are maladaptive variants of all ten poles of the FFM.     

时间人格的结构与功能

时间人格是个体对时间情境稳定的适应倾向及能力特征, 其主要功能是适应时间情境并影响身心健康。已有的研究从时间洞察力、时间定向、时间管理、时间紧迫感、拖延性等方面对时间人格进行了探讨, 最近的研究则转向构建综合的时间人格结构模型。本文针对时间概念、时间人格概念和研究范式的争论, 提出未来的研究应继续完善时间人格结构模型, 加强外部影响因素研究, 补充过程研究、质性研究和跨文化研究, 并在进化论、文化学和脑科学方面获取支持。     

大学生互联网使用动机模式研究

基于“互联网态度调查表 (IAS)” ,采用两组大学生被试 ,分别进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析 ,探讨了大学生互联网使用动机的模式 ,编制了“大学生互联网使用动机量表”(IUMS CS)。结果发现 :(1 )大学生互联网使用动机由“信息获取性动机”和“人际情感性动机”构成。基于IAS形成的大学生互联网使用动机量表具有较理想的项目区分度、内部一致性信度、构想效度和效标效度。 (2 )大学生互联网使用动机与上网次数的关系不密切 ,但与上网时间有一定关联。 (3 )“人际情感性动机”可作为病理性互联网使用行为模式的有效预测指标     

瑞文推理测验上的性别差异

瑞文推理测验上是否存在性别差异？与较早期的研究结果不同, 较近的一系列研究发现在瑞文推理测验上存在性别差异, 且性别差异具有发展性。当前可以解释该性别差异的观点主要有两种, 其一是污染观, 即认为瑞文推理测验中发现的性别差异实质上是由于测验中其他成分的“污染”所致, 而在它所主要代表的g因素的发展中并不存在性别差异; 其二, 较新的研究提示, “污染”可能存在, 但在g因素上仍然具有性别差异, 这种差异是由生理上的原因造成的。研究者由此提出了智力性别差异的发展理论。本文主要从儿童青少年发展的角度回顾了有关瑞文推理测验性别差异的研究, 综述并分析了关于性别差异研究结果不一致的可能原因。     

儿童心理一致感量表中文版的心理测量学特征分析

以1306名小学生为研究对象,对儿童心理一致感量表(CSOC)中文版的心理测量学特征进行分析,并考察小学阶段儿童心理一致感发展的特点.研究结果表明,CSOC中文版量表具有较好的项目鉴别力、内部一致性和稳定性;探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析的结果表明CSOC中文版量表由一致感和不一致感两个因素构成,心理一致感总分与孤独感呈显著负相关;方差分析结果表明,小学儿童心理一致感发展存在显著的性别和年级差异.儿童心理一致感量表中文版具有较好的信效度,可以作为测量中国儿童心理一致感水平的有效工具.     

Loneliness in the Daily Lives of Young Adults: Testing a Socio‐cognitive Model

A socio‐cognitive model of loneliness states that lonely people are characterized by two characteristics, hypersensitivity to social threat and hyposensitivity to social reward. However, these characteristics have not yet been examined in the daily lives of young adults. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to examine these two characteristics in young adults and whether relationship status, living situation, and type of company moderated the relationship between sensitivity to threat and reward and feelings of loneliness. The Experience Sampling Method was used, and data were collected among 219 first‐year college students (M age = 19.60, 91% female). Participants filled out questionnaires on their smartphone at five random time points per day, on 11 consecutive days. Multilevel analyses showed support for hypersensitivity to social threat, in that students high in loneliness were more negatively affected by negative perceptions of company. Results for hyposensitivity to social reward were in the opposite direction; students high in loneliness were more positively affected by positive perceptions of company than students low in loneliness. These relations were not moderated by relationship status or living situation. Our findings may indicate that loneliness serves as a motivational state that increases susceptibility to the environment in order to restore social relationships. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology     

语言能力的老化机制：语言特异性与非特异性因素的共同作用

语言能力的衰退是由于一般认知能力衰退引起的,还是由于语言加工系统的衰退引起的,抑或是两者的共同作用?研究中测量了青年组和老年组的一般认知能力(加工速度、工作记忆和抑制能力),以及在词汇、句子和语篇三个水平上的语言理解能力和语言产生能力。结果发现,一般认知能力、语言理解和语言产生能力都存在年老化现象。分层回归分析表明,一般认知能力对语言能力的贡献,以及语言理解能力和产生能力之间的相互贡献在青年组和老年组中是不同的,且存在词汇、句子和语篇水平上的差异。在词汇水平上,青年人的成绩能够被一般认知能力和另一种语言能力所显著预测,而老年人的成绩却不受一般认知因素影响;在句子水平上,青年人的成绩仍能被一般认知能力或另一种语言能力所解释,但这两类变量都无法预测老年人的任务成绩;在语篇水平上,青年人理解任务的成绩显著地受到产生能力影响,而老年人的理解和产生任务成绩则分别可以被一般认知能力和语言理解能力所解释。对组间差异的回归分析表明,一般认知能力和另一种语言能力对组间差异都有显著贡献,且前者的贡献大于后者。上述研究结果表明,语言能力的老化是语言特异性因素和非特异性因素共同作用的结果。