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131.
This research examined whether comparison target moderates the effects of naturally occurring appearance-focused social comparisons on women's affect, appearance esteem, and dieting thoughts. During daily activities, body-satisfied (BS) women and body-dissatisfied (BD) women recorded their comparison targets and reactions to comparison information. For BS women, upward comparisons with peers were associated with more positive affect (PA) and appearance esteem and less guilt than upward comparisons with media images and downward comparisons with peers were associated with less PA than downward comparisons with media images. For BD women, upward comparisons with peers were associated with more appearance esteem and diet thoughts than upward comparisons with media images and downward comparisons with peers were associated with less PA, appearance esteem, and diet thoughts and more guilt than downward comparisons with media images. 相似文献
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Background and objectives: Although previous studies showed that thought and emotion suppression represent risk factors for intrusions development, the mechanisms that explain these relations were less explored. This study aims to examine the relationships between thought and emotion suppression and the symptoms of intrusion following the exposure to a trauma-related event. Moreover, we explored if these relationships would be mediated by peritraumatic state dissociation and state anxiety.Design and methods: The trauma film paradigm was used and the participants were students (N?=?148) experimentally exposed to an aversive film to model a traumatic experience. Thought and emotion suppression were measured before the trauma exposure. After exposure, the participants completed scales for measuring state dissociation and state anxiety. Intrusive images and thoughts of the film were recorded in the subsequent week using an intrusion diary.Results: Thought suppression predicted intrusive thoughts frequency, and this effect was mediated by the peritraumatic anxiety. State anxiety predicted both intrusive images and thoughts, while state dissociation only predicted intrusive images.Conclusions: Intrusive images and intrusive thoughts are different phenomena and they are predicted by different variables. The practical implications of these results for posttraumatic stress disorder treatment and secondary traumatization are discussed. 相似文献
135.
Tara Ferguson Jeff Berlin Erica Noles James Johnson William Reed C. Vincent Spicer 《Sex roles》2005,52(7-8):477-487
This study was designed to explore how the impact of exposure to a few stereotyped group members can be mediated by individual variation in stereotype application to other group members. When compared to participants exposed to nonpromiscuous women on an episode of the Jerry Springer Show, those exposed to promiscuous women perceived a victim of sexual harassment as less traumatized and more responsible for the event. In addition, exposure condition had no impact on judgments when the man physically touched the victim. Conversely, when he made a verbal comment or verbal request, those in the promiscuous condition reported perceptions of less victim trauma and made greater attributions of victim responsibility. The findings also indicate that the effects of exposure to the promiscuous woman depictions were mediated by individual variation in attributions of victim promiscuity. Finally, activation of the promiscuous female stereotype was also shown to have generalized to judgments of women in a nonsexual domain. 相似文献
136.
Laura J. Claxton 《Infant and child development》2011,20(3):301-312
Previous studies have found that preschoolers are confused about the relationship between two‐dimensional (2D) symbols and their referents. Preschoolers report that 2D images (e.g. televised images and photographs) share some of the characteristics of the objects they are representing. A novel Comparison Task was created to test what might account for these misattributions of the properties of 2D images. Three‐and‐a‐half‐ and four‐and‐a‐half‐year olds made comparisons between items presented in two of three formats simultaneously, i.e. as a real object and as an object appearing on television (TV), as a real object and as a photo of that object, or as an object appearing on TV and in a photo. Presenting the televised object or the photo of the object along with the real object aided performance; children indicated that televised objects and photos of objects no longer shared the properties of the real objects. Children also performed better when presented with two 2D images of the same object (the photo of the object and the televised image of the object). Although dual‐representation might account for these misattributions of the properties of 2D images, because children also performed better when two 2D images of the same object were present, other possibilities such as children using pictures as communicative devices and disregarding the pragmatics of the task should be explored. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
137.
Studies examining trends over time in mainstream magazines observe decreases in women's figure size, and increases in figure exposure and amount of diet/exercise content. Little is known, however, regarding the content of African American magazines. Utilizing methods from classic studies, this investigation examined content in Ebony, a magazine with wide African American readership, from 1969 to 2008. We included the full content of N = 462 issues, with a total of N = 539 cover images of women, of which N = 208 were full-body shots. Analyses indicated a curvilinear relationship between time and figure exposure, with a recent trend toward more full-body shots, similar to mainstream magazines. Contrary to previous studies, however, the majority of figures across time were average size, and a curvilinear relationship between time and diet/exercise content showed peak content in the early 1990s. Results are considered in context of research indicating African American women show less body dissatisfaction than other racial/ethnic groups. 相似文献
138.
医学影像诊断工作中的哲学思考和人文关怀 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
杨宏志 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2011,(1):67-68
随着现代医学模式的转化和医学影像技术的进步,在临床影像诊断工作中应该更注重哲学思维的运用和人文精神的培养。主要体现在以下几个问题:影像诊断在临床诊断中的地位、影像检查方法的合理选择、医学影像学的发展、影像诊断的辩证思考、检查前准备过程和检查过程中的人文关怀。 相似文献
139.
唐初易学呈现出融合汉魏的特色,孔颖达的《周易正义》是其杰出之代表。孔疏认为易道“备包有无”,孔疏中的“无”不是单纯的某种实体或属性,它具有多层含义,是对汉易元气发生论和玄学易无本论的融合创造,是其易学的形上学; 而“有”就是宇宙万有,孔疏将宇宙万有统摄于易象之中,认为易象是宇宙万有的符示涵摄者,由之提出了灵活开放的易象观;以之为基础,在乾坤父母说之上将易学六十四卦系统诠释成了一个流变互通的意义世界。 相似文献
140.
Robert Loto Darrin Hodgetts Kerry Chamberlain Linda Waimarie Nikora Rolinda Karapu Alison Barnett 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2006,16(2):100-118
Pacific Islanders have faced discrimination in New Zealand particularly since the 1960s when communities began to be transplanted from their home nations to Aotearoa as cheap immigrant labour. Subsequently, the New Zealand vernacular has contained references to Pacific Islanders as ‘overstayers’, ‘coconuts’, ‘bungas’ and ‘fresh off the boat’ [FOB]. However, the legacy of a domineering relationship between the Palagi 1 majority group and Pacific minorities 2 that is captured by such derogatory terms is still evident in public forums such as the media. Using a quantitative content and qualitative narrative analysis, this paper documents portrayals of Pacific Islanders in New Zealand print media reports (n = 65) published over a 3 month period. Findings reveal that Pacific people are predominantly portrayed as unmotivated, unhealthy and criminal others who are overly dependent on Palagi support. We consider this offered pacific identity formation with that implied for Palagi, which is active, independent, competent and caring. Issues in coverage are discussed in relation to how Pacific Islanders are encouraged to see themselves, and the health and social consequences of dominant practices in press coverage. We offer some suggestions as to how more equitable representations of Pacific people could be fostered in news media. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献