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91.
Exposure to different forms of narrative media may influence children's development of theory-of-mind. Because engagement with fictional narratives provides one with information about the social world, and possibly draws upon theory-of-mind processes during comprehension, exposure to storybooks, movies, and television may influence theory-of-mind development. We examined 4–6 year-olds’ inferred exposure to children's literature, television, and film, using an objective measure that controls for socially desirable responding. Theory-of-mind was assessed using a battery of five tasks. Controlling for age, gender, vocabulary, and parental income, inferred exposure to children's storybooks predicted theory-of-mind abilities. Inferred exposure to children's movies also predicted theory-of-mind development, but inferred exposure to children's television did not. 相似文献
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93.
Sergei Ovchinnikov 《Journal of mathematical psychology》2005,49(6):481-488
A standard representation of a family B of partial orders on a given finite set X is as a set of vertices of a cube. The metric and order structures on B inherited from the cube are often used in applications. In this paper, following Stanley [(1996). Hyperplane arrangements, interval orders, and trees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 2620-2625], we represent relations in B by regions and cells of a hyperplane arrangement arising from numerical representations of the partial orders in B. To illustrate this approach, we establish wellgradedness of some families of generalized semiorders. Although the families of linear and weak orders are not well graded, our approach allows the recasting of such concepts as well graded families of sets. 相似文献
94.
The “Faustlos”1 curriculum, an adaptation of the American Second Step program, for the prevention of aggressive behaviors of elementary school children was evaluated in a 3-year control group study (30 classes served as an experimental group, 14 classes as a control group). The results show significant changes in the emotional competences and prosocial developments of children aged 6–9 years. Children who participated in the “Faustlos” lessons showed significantly reduced anxiety and internalizing behaviors compared with the control group. The parents’ ratings of their children's behavior (according to the Child Behavior Checklist) provided clear evidence of improved social behavior outside the school environment. 相似文献
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Eric F. Dubow L. Rowell Huesmann Paul Boxer 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(2):113-126
In this article, we describe a theoretical framework for understanding how persistent and extreme exposure to ethnic–political
conflict and violence interacts with cognitive, emotional, and self processes to influence children’s psychosocial adjustment.
Three recent strands of theorizing guide our approach. First, we focus on how observational and social learning processes
combine to influence the development of social-cognitive structures and processes that affect behavior. Second, we focus on
the role of developing self and identity processes in shaping the child’s interactions with the world and the consequences
of those interactions. Third, we build on the complex systems perspective on development and assume that human development
can only be understood accurately by examining how the multiple contexts affecting children and the adults in their lives
interact to moderate biosocial factors which predispose individuals to develop in certain directions. We review the recent
empirical literature on children’s exposure to ethnic–political violence and we apply the social-cognitive-ecological framework
to the empirical findings in this literature. Finally, we propose future directions for research and clinical implications
derived from this framework. 相似文献
97.
Constructing a sexual identity is one of the major developmental tasks of adolescence. Applying the Media Practice Model,
this study retrospectively examines how self-identifying lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals used media during the
commencement of the coming-out process and the effects of media use during this pivotal time of development. Results indicate
that the Internet plays a critical role in the development of LGB sexual identities. Heavy users of media during the coming-out
process are significantly less likely to communicate openly with their families later in life. However, individuals’ reports
of loneliness and self-esteem are not affected. Conclusions suggest that mediated forms of communication can be beneficial
for sexual exploration among LGB individuals. 相似文献
98.
Youth violence involvement has always been the focus of significant research attention. However, as most of the studies on youth violence have been conducted in Western cultures, little is known about the antecedents of violence in the Asian context. Researchers have suggested that collectivism might be the reason for the lower violent crime rates in Asia. Nevertheless, the present study proposes an alternative approach to the collectivistic orientation and violence relationship: The possibility that allocentrism (collectivist tendency at the individual difference level) might shape the meaning of and the attitudes towards violence; thus not all aspects of a collectivist culture serve as deterrents for violence. Instead of viewing it as a random individual act, violence in a collective cultural context could be seen, under certain circumstances, as a social obligation to one's in-group (especially when one's in-group is supportive of violence) and as an internalization of the norms and values of the culture. Thus, the present study investigates the relationship between allocentrism and its relation to violence in a highly collectivist Asian culture, Singapore. We further hypothesized that collective self-esteem might serve as the mediator between allocentrism and the values of violence. Using a sample of 149 incarcerated Singaporean male adolescents, results support the proposed theoretical model whereby collective self-esteem was found to mediate between allocentrism and the culture's norms and attitudes of violence, which eventually lead to physical violence behaviours. 相似文献
99.
Prosocial video games reduce aggressive cognitions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Previous research has shown that playing violent video games increased aggressive tendencies. However, as pointed out by the General Learning Model (GLM) [Buckley, K. E., & Anderson, C. A. (2006). A theoretical model of the effects and consequences of playing video games. In: P. Vorderer & J. Bryant (Eds.), Playing video games motives responses and consequences (pp. 363-378). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum], depending on their content, video games do not inevitably increase but may also decrease aggressive responses. Accordingly, the present research tested the hypothesis that playing prosocial video games decreases aggressive cognitions. In fact, playing a prosocial (relative to a neutral) video game reduced the hostile expectation bias (Experiment 1) and decreased the accessibility of antisocial thoughts (Experiment 2). Thus, these results lend credence to GLMs assumption that the effects of video game exposure depend to a great extent on the content of the game played. 相似文献
100.