排序方式: 共有38条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
躯体和面孔是个体情绪表达与识别的重要线索。与面部表情相比,躯体表情加工的显著特点是补偿情绪信息,感知运动与行为信息,及产生适应性行为。情绪躯体与面孔加工的神经基础可能相邻或部分重合,但也存在分离;EBA、FBA、SPL、IPL等是与躯体表情加工相关的特异性脑区。今后应系统研究面孔、躯体及语音情绪线索加工潜在的神经基础,探讨躯体情绪加工的跨文化差异,考察情绪障碍患者的躯体表情加工特点。 相似文献
22.
Riana J. Betzler 《Philosophical Psychology》2016,29(6):826-843
Philosophers of science have offered several definitions of mechanism, most of which have biological or neuroscientific roots. In this paper, I consider whether these definitions apply equally well to cognitive science. I examine this question by looking at the case of statistical learning, which has been called a domain-general learning mechanism in the cognitive scientific literature. I argue that statistical learning does not constitute a mechanism in the philosophical sense of the term. This conclusion points to significant limitations in the scope of the mechanist philosophy when it comes to accounting for explanation in cognitive science. 相似文献
23.
It is incontestable that high motor performance requires an optimal coupling between perception and action. In sports as well as in professional tasks, the Quiet Eye (QE) – defined as the final fixation before movement initiation – has been found to explain a considerable amount of variance in motor performance and expertise. In the current series of studies, the underlying mechanisms of this perception-action variable were further investigated by testing predictions of the inhibition hypothesis. According to the inhibition hypothesis, the functionality of the QE is to shield movement parametrization. By manipulating the demands during response selection (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2) and movement control (Experiment 2) in a far-aiming task, it was found that – in line with the predictions – QE duration increased with increasing inhibition demands. This effect was mainly driven by the similarity rather than the number of possible actions. Moreover, the relation between inhibition demands and QE-duration were sustained through both response selection and movement control, which is perfectly in line with the notion of a continuous perception-action cycle in motor behavior. In sum, these findings corroborate the inhibition function as an integral component within a cognitive understanding of the QE phenomenon. 相似文献
24.
自我欺骗的施骗者和受骗者都是自我。这个特殊性导致自我欺骗的定义、类型、研究范式和机制等存在着争议。在系统梳理自我欺骗相关实证研究的基础上,比较了自我欺骗不同的定义和不同的研究范式,提出了两种新的自我欺骗分类方法,探析了自我欺骗的心理机制,以期为后续研究提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
25.
Forms of emergent interaction in General Process Theory 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Johanna Seibt 《Synthese》2009,166(3):479-512
General Process Theory (GPT) is a new (non-Whiteheadian) process ontology. According to GPT the domains of scientific inquiry
and everyday practice consist of configurations of ‘goings-on’ or ‘dynamics’ that can be technically defined as concrete,
dynamic, non-particular individuals called general processes. The paper offers a brief introduction to GPT in order to provide ontological foundations for research programs such as interactivism
that centrally rely on the notions of ‘process,’ ‘interaction,’ and ‘emergence.’ I begin with an analysis of our common sense
concept of activities, which plays a crucial heuristic role in the development of the notion of a general process. General
processes are not individuated in terms of their location but in terms of ‘what they do,’ i.e., in terms of their dynamic
relationships in the basic sense of one process being part of another. The formal framework of GPT is thus an extensional
mereology, albeit a non-classical theory with a non-transitive part-relation. After a brief sketch of basic notions and strategies
of the GPT-framework I show how the latter may be applied to distinguish between causal, mechanistic, functional, self-maintaining,
and recursively self-maintaining interactions, all of which involve ‘emergent phenomena’ in various senses of the term. 相似文献
26.
27.
The effect of motivation and positive affect on ego depletion: Replenishment versus release mechanism 下载免费PDF全文
In this study, 2 experiments were conducted to investigate whether motivation and positive affect can alleviate ego depletion and to elucidate their possible mechanisms. In Experiment 1, a crossing‐out‐letter task was adapted to reach an ego depletion state for Chinese participants. Participants were then randomly assigned to the extrinsic motivation group, the positive affect group or the depletion control group. After the experimental treatment, a dumbbell task was used to measure participants' remaining self‐regulatory resources. The results showed that participants in the motivation and positive affect groups performed better on the dumbbell task than participants in the depletion control group. Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1 except that participants were asked to perform an additional unexpected dumbbell task after a neutral video following the above procedure. The results of Experiment 1 were replicated; however, participants' performance on the additional dumbbell task differed. The positive affect group performed better than the depletion control group, indicating an increase in self‐regulatory resources and thus supporting the replenishment effect of positive affect. No significant difference was found between the motivation group and the depletion control group. 相似文献
28.
Correcting patients' faulty beliefs concerning social evaluative threats is the hallmark of cognitive-behavioral treatment of social anxiety disorder. The current study examined the efficacy of two videotape feedback procedures as adjuncts to exposure-based treatment. Participants suffering from social phobia (N=77) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (a) credible placebo treatment (PLA); (b) exposure + no feedback (EXP); (c) exposure + videotape feedback of performance (PER); or (d) exposure + videotape feedback of audience responses (AUD). Contrary to prediction, the videotape feedback procedures did not enhance the effects of exposure-based treatment. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed. 相似文献
29.
Generalisation: mechanistic and functional explanations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cheng K 《Animal cognition》2002,5(1):33-40
An overview of mechanistic and functional accounts of stimulus generalisation is given. Mechanistic accounts rely on the
process of spreading activation across units representing stimuli. Different models implement the spread in different ways,
ranging from diffusion to connectionist networks. A functional account proposed by Shepard analyses the probabilistic structure
of the world for invariants. A universal law based on one such invariant claims that under a suitable scaling of the stimulus
dimension, generalisation gradients should be approximately exponential in shape. Data from both vertebrates and invertebrates
so far uphold Shepard's law. Some data on spatial generalisation in honeybees are presented to illustrate how Shepard's law
can be used to determine the metric for combining discrepancies in different stimulus dimensions. The phenomenon of peak shift
is discussed. Comments on mechanistic and functional approaches to generalisation are given.
Accepted after revision: 10 September 2001
Electronic Publication 相似文献
30.
The Defense Mechanism Test (DMT) is claimed to identify personnel with a high risk for accidents. A new explanation for why the DMT seems to predict performance when survival depends on split second decisions is proposed. Sixteen right-handed, adult male students were tested with the DMT and with an ERP paradigm (two sine wave tones, presented binaurally). Each subject was tested with a one-stimulus paradigm, and a passive and an active oddball paradigm. Under the passive oddball condition, High defensive subjects differed from Low, having significantly smaller N2 amplitudes (low immediate perception), and significantly larger P3 amplitudes (rely on later associative mechanisms). High defensive subjects seem to have less ability to perceive the environment correctly immediately. This slowness may be fatal when life depends on split second decisions. The fundamental neurophysiological difference may also be the basis for the very complex cognitive and perceptual mechanisms involved in psychological defense mechanisms. 相似文献