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91.
Death is a bad thing by virtue of its ability to frustrate the subjectively valuable projects that shape our identities and
render our lives meaningful. While the presumption that immortality would necessarily result in boredom worse than death proves
unwarranted, if the constraint of mortality is a necessary element for virtues, relationships, and motivation to pursue our
life-projects, then death might nevertheless be a necessary evil. Mortal or immortal, it’s clear that the value of one’s life depends on its subjectively determined quality, rather
than its quantity. Thus, it is imperative to live forever in the present, with flourishing always in mind. 相似文献
92.
类别不确定下的特征推理是基于类别还是基于特征联结 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
共有3个实验探讨归类不确定情况下的特征推理是基于类别进行还是基于特征联结进行。实验1在中文条件下重复了Verde等人2005的实验,得出了与之相符的结果,这个结果用基于类别的理性模型的设想或者是用基于特征联结的设想都可以解释。实验2考察被试在靶类别的类别特征频次并且特征结合出现频次高低不同的条件下特征推理的情况,实验2的结果表明,高集中与低集中两种条件下特征推理没有显著差异,不符合特征推理是基于类别进行的设想,而与特征推理是基于特征联结进行的设想吻合。实验3进一步考察被试在特征结合出现的总频次并且靶类别中特征结合出现的总频次高低不同的条件下特征推理的情况,结果表明,在高结合条件下进行特征推理要优于在低结合条件,支持了在归类不确定情况下的特征推理是基于特征联结进行的设想。据此可以认为,人们的特征推理是基于特征之间联结的频次进行,而不是基于类别进行 相似文献
93.
研究从先验概率、概率表征、推理任务等方面探讨了经典贝叶斯推理研究中存在的不足,试图在"知识和试题双重模型"框架下,探索现实和标准贝叶斯试题的形式结构的同质性,结果表明:1)自然频次表征比百分比表征的贝叶斯推算题正确率高,这是因为试题的形式结构不同,与概率表征无关;2)贝叶斯判断题与贝叶斯推算题的试题形式结构存在显著差异;3)贝叶斯推算题中,概率词表征与其它两种表征的试题形式结构存在显著差异,其实质是贝叶斯判断。 相似文献
94.
Melissa Frankel 《Philosophia》2009,37(3):409-413
This is a response to Stavroula Glezakos’ commentary on my paper, in which I address three main points: (1) whether Berkeley
is entitled to argue via inference to the best explanation, (2) whether Berkeley’s likeness principle might be too strict,
and (3) whether the texts support my reading.
相似文献
Melissa FrankelEmail: |
95.
Aggressive players who intentionally cause injury to their opponents are common in many sports, particularly collision sports such as Rugby Union. Although some acts of aggression fall within the rules (sanctioned), others do not (unsanctioned), with the latter tending to be less acceptable than the former. This study attempts to identify characteristics of players who are more likely to employ unsanctioned methods in order to injure an opponent. Male Rugby Union players completed questionnaires assessing aggressiveness, anger, past aggression, professionalization, and athletic identity. Players were assigned to one of two groups based on self‐reported past unsanctioned aggression. Results indicated that demographic variables (e.g., age, playing position, or level of play) were not predictive of group membership. Measures of aggressiveness and professionalization were significant predictors; high scores on both indicated a greater probability of reporting the use of unsanctioned aggressive force for the sole purpose of causing injury or pain. In addition, players who had been taught how to execute aggressive illegal plays without detection were also more likely to report using excessive force to injure an opponent. Results provide further support that highly professionalized players may be more likely to use methods outside the constitutive rules of Rugby Union in order to intentionally injure their opponents. Results are discussed within the context of the increasing win‐at‐all‐cost attitude that is becoming more prevalent in sport and its implications for youth athletes. Aggr. Behav. 35:237–243, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
96.
Mark G. Ehrhart Karen Holcombe Ehrhart Scott C. Roesch Beth G. Chung-Herrera Kristy Nadler Kelsey Bradshaw 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):900-905
Recent efforts have aimed to develop relatively short measures of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality, particularly for when time and/or space is limited. We evaluate the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), a non-proprietary FFM measure with two items per dimension. We use a latent variable methodology to examine the TIPI’s factor structure and convergent validity with the 50-item International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) FFM measure. We provide correlations between the scale scores and latent factors, and compare each measure’s pattern of correlations with measures of other individual difference constructs. Results were favorable in terms of the factor structure and convergent validity of the TIPI, particularly regarding the correlations between the respective latent factors of the TIPI and the IPIP–FFM measures. 相似文献
97.
People often face preferential decisions under risk. To further our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying these preferential choices, two prominent cognitive models, decision field theory (DFT; Busemeyer & Townsend, 1993 ) and the proportional difference model (PD; González-Vallejo, 2002 ), were rigorously tested against each other. In two consecutive experiments, the participants repeatedly had to choose between monetary gambles. The first experiment provided the reference to estimate the models' free parameters. From these estimations, new gamble pairs were generated for the second experiment such that the two models made maximally divergent predictions. In the first experiment, both models explained the data equally well. However, in the second generalization experiment, the participants' choices were much closer to the predictions of DFT. The results indicate that the stochastic process assumed by DFT, in which evidence in favor of or against each option accumulates over time, described people's choice behavior better than the trade-offs between proportional differences assumed by PD. 相似文献
98.
Jennifer J. McComas Dana Wagner Melissa Coolong Chaffin Erin Holton Mimi McDonnell Emily Monn 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2009,18(1):56-70
Brief experimental analyses (BEA) have been used to identify effective individualized interventions for improving reading
fluency with school-age children. Interventions involving incentives, modeling, repeated reading, and error correction are
most often tested in a BEA. However, these interventions are rarely modified according to individual student needs. The current
study examined the effects of varied levels of modeling (passage, sentence, word) and varied contingencies (tracking and fluency)
on fluency in non-treated high-word overlap passages and general outcome measure passages. BEA-identified interventions were
effective for improving reading fluency on non-treated passages for both second grade students and the third grade student.
Notably, the effects reversed when intervention was withdrawn with one of the second grade students. Results are discussed
in terms of considerations in the application of BEA technology in the schools. 相似文献
99.
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