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211.
Fumiko Samejima 《Psychometrika》1994,59(3):307-329
The test information function serves important roles in latent trait models and in their applications. Among others, it has been used as the measure of accuracy in ability estimation. A question arises, however, if the test information function is accurate enough for all meaningful levels of ability relative to the test, especially when the number of test items is relatively small (e.g., less than 50). In the present paper, using the constant information model and constant amounts of test information for a finite interval of ability, simulated data were produced for eight different levels of ability and for twenty different numbers of test items ranging between 10 and 200. Analyses of these data suggest that it is desirable to consider some modification of the test information function when it is used as the measure of accuracy in ability estimation. 相似文献
212.
Karl G. Jöreskog 《Psychometrika》1994,59(3):381-389
A general theory for parametric inference in contingency tables is outlined. Estimation of polychoric correlations is seen as a special case of this theory. The asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimated polychoric correlations is derived for the case when the thresholds are estimated from the univariate marginals and the polychoric correlations are estimated from the bivariate marginals for given thresholds. Computational aspects are also discussed.The research was supported by the Swedish Council for Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences (HSFR) under the programMultivariate Statistical Analysis. The author thanks a reviewer for pointing out an error in the original version of the paper. 相似文献
213.
Huynh Huynh 《Psychometrika》1994,59(1):77-79
By use of an inequality of Marcus and Lopes for elementary symmetric functions, a new proof is presented for the following result by Ghurye and Wallace: Given that the independent random variablesX
j
are Bernoulli with success probabilityp
j
() strictly between 0 and 1 and nondecreasing in, the sum X
j
has monotone likelihood ratio. 相似文献
214.
215.
A plausibles-factor solution for many types of psychological and educational tests is one that exhibits a general factor ands − 1 group or method related factors. The bi-factor solution results from the constraint that each item has a nonzero loading
on the primary dimension and at most one of thes − 1 group factors. This paper derives a bi-factor item-response model for binary response data. In marginal maximum likelihood
estimation of item parameters, the bi-factor restriction leads to a major simplification of likelihood equations and (a) permits
analysis of models with large numbers of group factors; (b) permits conditional dependence within identified subsets of items;
and (c) provides more parsimonious factor solutions than an unrestricted full-information item factor analysis in some cases.
Supported by the Cognitive Science Program, Office of Naval Research, Under grant #N00014-89-J-1104. We would like to thank
Darrell Bock for several helpful suggestions. 相似文献
216.
217.
Henk A. L. Kiers 《Psychometrika》1997,62(2):251-266
A general approach for fitting a model to a data matrix by weighted least squares (WLS) is studied. This approach consists of iteratively performing (steps of) existing algorithms for ordinary least squares (OLS) fitting of the same model. The approach is based on minimizing a function that majorizes the WLS loss function. The generality of the approach implies that, for every model for which an OLS fitting algorithm is available, the present approach yields a WLS fitting algorithm. In the special case where the WLS weight matrix is binary, the approach reduces to missing data imputation.This research has been made possible by a fellowship from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences to the author. 相似文献
218.
J. D. Healy 《Psychometrika》1979,44(2):235-238
The hypothesis that two variables have a perfect disattenuated correlation and hence measure the same trait, except for errors of measurement, is discussed. Equivalently, the underlying variables, the true scores, are related linearly. We show that several previously proposed ad hoc tests are in fact likelihood ratio tests. The cases when the linear relation is specified and when it is unspecified are both discussed.This work was done while the author was at Purdue University Under Air Force Grant AFOSR-72-2350B. 相似文献
219.
The notion of scale freeness does not seem to have been well understood in the factor analytic literature. It has been believed that if the loss function that is minimized to obtain estimates of the parameters in the factor model is scale invariant, then the estimates are scale free. It is shown that scale invariance of the loss function is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for scale freeness. A theorem that ensures scale freeness in the orthogonal factor model is given in this paper.The authors are grateful for the suggestions of the referees. 相似文献
220.
Two experiments tested the influence of three task factors on respondents' tendency to use normative, heuristic, and random approaches to making likelihood judgments about polychotomous cases (i.e., cases in which there is more than one alternative to a focal hypothesis). Participants estimated their likelihood of winning hypothetical raffles in which they and other players held various numbers of tickets. Responding on non‐numeric scales (vs. numeric ones) and responding under time pressure (vs. self‐paced) increased participants' use of a comparison‐heuristic approach, resulting in non‐normative judgment patterns. A manipulation of evidence representation (whether ticket quantities were represented by numbers or more graphically by bars) did not have reliably detectable effects on processing approaches to likelihood judgment. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for the further development of likelihood judgment theories, and they discuss parallels between contingent processing in choice and contingent processing in likelihood judgment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献