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201.
Christine A. Gidycz Jennifer B. Warkentin Lindsay M. Orchowski Katie M. Edwards 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(3):260-279
This study implemented a prospective design to explore the relationship between college men's perceived likelihood to perpetrate sexual aggression and their perpetration of sexual aggression over a three-month interim (N = 414). Compared to men's report of their likelihood to use physical force to obtain sex play or sexual intercourse, college men reported higher levels of perceived likelihood to use arguments or pressure to obtain sex play or sexual intercourse as well as drugs and alcohol to obtain sexual intercourse. Prospective analyses revealed that the majority of men who perpetrated sexual aggression over the follow-up period indicated that they were at some risk to do so at the pretest assessment. Implications for sexual assault prevention programming are discussed. 相似文献
202.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new method for fitting item response theory models with the latent population
distribution estimated from the data using splines. A spline-based density estimation system provides a flexible alternative
to existing procedures that use a normal distribution, or a different functional form, for the population distribution. A
simulation study shows that the new procedure is feasible in practice, and that when the latent distribution is not well approximated
as normal, two-parameter logistic (2PL) item parameter estimates and expected a posteriori scores (EAPs) can be improved over
what they would be with the normal model. An example with real data compares the new method and the extant empirical histogram
approach. 相似文献
203.
In this paper, the efficiency of conditional maximum likelihood (CML) and marginal maximum likelihood (MML) estimation of
the item parameters of the Rasch model in incomplete designs is investigated. The use of the concept of F-information (Eggen,
2000) is generalized to incomplete testing designs. The scaled determinant of the F-information matrix is used as a scalar
measure of information contained in a set of item parameters. In this paper, the relation between the normalization of the
Rasch model and this determinant is clarified. It is shown that comparing estimation methods with the defined information
efficiency is independent of the chosen normalization. The generalization of the method to other models than the Rasch model
is discussed.
In examples, information comparisons are conducted. It is found that for both CML and MML some information is lost in all
incomplete designs compared to complete designs. A general result is that with increasing test booklet length the efficiency
of an incomplete design, compared to a complete design, is increasing, as is the efficiency of CML compared to MML. The main
difference between CML and MML is seen in the effect of the length of the test booklet. It will be demonstrated that with
very small booklets, there is a substantial loss in information (about 35%) with CML estimation, while this loss is only about
10% in MML estimation. However, with increasing test length, the differences between CML and MML quickly disappear. 相似文献
204.
Dag Sörbom 《Psychometrika》1989,54(3):371-384
An analysis of empirical data often leads to a rejection of a hypothesized model, even if the researcher has spent considerable efforts in including all available information in the formulation of the model. Thus, the researcher must reformulate the model in some way, but in most instances there is, at least theoretically, an overwhelming number of possible actions that could be taken. In this paper a modification index will be discussed which should serve as a guide in the search for a better model. In statistical terms, the index measures how much we will be able to reduce the discrepancy between model and data, as defined by a general fit function, when one parameter is added or freed or when one equality constraint is relaxed. The modification index discussed in this paper is an improvement of the one incorporated in the LISREL V computer program in that it takes into account changes in all the parameters of the model when one particular parameter is freed.The research reported in this paper has been supported by The Swedish Council for Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences under Research Program Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Project Director Karl G Jöreskog. 相似文献
205.
Extensions of the partial credit model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The partial credit model, developed by Masters (1982), is a unidimensional latent trait model for responses scored in two or more ordered categories. In the present paper some extensions of the model are presented. First, a marginal maximum likelihood estimation procedure is developed which allows for incomplete data and linear restrictions on both the item and the population parameters. Secondly, two statistical tests for evaluating model fit are presented: the former test has power against violation of the assumption about the ability distribution, the latter test offers the possibility of identifying specific items that do not fit the model.The authors are indepted to professor Wim van der Linden and Huub Verstralen for their helpful comments. 相似文献
206.
Bruce Bloxom 《Psychometrika》1985,50(3):301-321
A constrained quadratic spline is proposed as an estimator of the hazard function of a random variable. A maximum penalized likelihood procedure is used to fit the estimator to a sample of psychological response times. The results of a small simulation study suggest that, with a sample size of 500, the procedure may provide a reasonably precise estimate of the shape of a hazard function.This research was conducted under the auspices of the Naval Postgraduate School during the author's sabbatical from Vanderbilt University and was partially supported by the Navy Personnal Research and Development Center. The author wishes to thank Jules Borack, Richard Sorenson, and two anonymous reviewers for a number of useful and stimulating comments on the work reported here. Thanks are also due to David Kohfeld for providing the data which were used in the empirical example. 相似文献
207.
It is shown that the scoring algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation in exploratory factor analysis can be developed in a way that is many times more efficient than a direct development based on information matrices and score vectors. The algorithm offers a simple alternative to current algorithms and when used in one-step mode provides the simplest and fastest method presently available for moving from consistent to efficient estimates. Perhaps of greater importance is its potential for extension to the confirmatory model. The algorithm is developed as a Gauss-Newton algorithm to facilitate its application to generalized least squares and to maximum likelihood estimation.This research was supported by NSF Grant MCS-8301587. 相似文献
208.
Herbert Hoijtink 《Psychometrika》1990,55(4):641-656
The PARELLA model is a probabilistic parallelogram model that can be used for the measurement of latent attitudes or latent preferences. The data analyzed are the dichotomous responses of persons to stimuli, with a one (zero) indicating agreement (disagreement) with the content of the stimulus. The model provides a unidimensional representation of persons and items. The response probabilities are a function of the distance between person and stimulus: the smaller the distance, the larger the probability that a person will agree with the content of the stimulus. An estimation procedure based on expectation maximization and marginal maximum likelihood is developed and the quality of the resulting parameter estimates evaluated.I gratefully acknowledge Ivo Molenaar and Wijbrandt van Schuur for their advice and encouragement during the course of the investigation, Derk-Jan Kiewiet who constructed the program for the ML estimator for the person parameter and Anne Boomsma, Wendy Post, Tom Snijders, and David Thissen for their comments on smaller aspects of the investigation. 相似文献
209.
Prof. Gerhard Derflinger 《Psychometrika》1984,49(3):325-330
Most of the factor solutions can be got by minimizing a corresponding loss function. However, up to now, a loss function for the alpha factor analysis (AFA) has not been known. The present paper establishes such a loss function for the AFA. Some analogies to the maximum likelihood factor analysis are discussed.The author is greatly indebted to Prof. Henry F. Kaiser (University of California, Berkeley) for his kind encouragement. He is also indebted to an anonymous referee ofPsychometrika for having confronted him with the problem in 1977. Financial support by the Wiener Hochschuljubiläumsstiftung is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
210.
EM algorithms for ML factor analysis 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The details of EM algorithms for maximum likelihood factor analysis are presented for both the exploratory and confirmatory models. The algorithm is essentially the same for both cases and involves only simple least squares regression operations; the largest matrix inversion required is for aq ×q symmetric matrix whereq is the matrix of factors. The example that is used demonstrates that the likelihood for the factor analysis model may have multiple modes that are not simply rotations of each other; such behavior should concern users of maximum likelihood factor analysis and certainly should cast doubt on the general utility of second derivatives of the log likelihood as measures of precision of estimation. 相似文献