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211.
212.
Lorraine M. McKelvey Leanne Whiteside-Mansell Richard A. Faldowski Jeffrey Shears Catherine Ayoub Andrea D. Hart 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):102-111
We examined the psychometric properties of two scales of the parenting stress index-short form (PSI-SF) in a low-income sample
of fathers of toddlers. The factor structure, reliability, and validity of the parental distress and parent–child dysfunctional
interaction subscales were assessed for 696 fathers in a multi-site study of Early Head Start. Confirmatory factor analyses
(CFA) compared the fit of the developer recommended two-factor scales with five-factor scales theoretically derived and supported
with mothers. Our results suggested that two subscales from the PSI-SF were reliable and valid for this sample of racially
diverse, low-income fathers of toddlers. However, these subscales capture multiple dimensions of parenting stress and results
also supported the use of more narrowly defined aspects of parenting stress that included general distress, distress specifically
related to parenting demands, problematic interactions of the father–toddler dyad, perceptions of the child, and parental
perceptions of self as a parent. These unidimensional scales may prove useful in research and clinical activities by allowing
researchers to elucidate the mechanisms through which stress impacts parenting and permitting clinicians information to develop
more targeted interventions for young children and their families. 相似文献
213.
Margaret O’Brien Caughy Keng-Yen Huang Julie Lima 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):10-20
We examined the differences in conflict interaction between depressed mothers and their toddler and non-depressed dyads and
whether these differences mediated the association of maternal depression with compromised child socioemotional development.
Mother/child interaction was videotaped during a teaching task and during a free play task as part of a home visit when the
target child was between 16 and 18 months old. Each turn of every conflict was coded for behavior and affect of each member
of the dyad. Interaction data were summarized to calculate the number of conflict turns, the rate of conflict, and the proportion
of mother-initiated versus child-initiated conflicts per dyad. Sequential analysis was used to estimate the probability of
specific maternal responses to specific child behaviors. Bivariate comparisons indicated that depressed dyads experienced
higher rates of conflict, especially during the teaching task, and that depressed mothers were more likely to respond destructively
to child oppositional behavior. Results of multivariate linear regression indicated that the higher probability of destructive
response mediated the association of maternal depression with lower quality of mother–child attachment. These findings have
implications for the development of interventions to support mothers in dealing with the conflicts that are so common during
the second year of a child’s life. 相似文献
214.
Lara R. Robinson Amanda Sheffield Morris Sherryl Scott Heller Michael S. Scheeringa Neil W. Boris Anna T. Smyke 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):421-434
Young maltreated children, birth to three years, represent the age group with the highest rates of maltreatment in the United
States (ACYF 2007). There are few studies to date that have investigated early childhood maltreatment and its effects on emotion
regulatory processes and psychopathology. In response, the current investigation uses a dyadic assessment procedure to examine
the relationship between parenting, emotion regulation, and symptoms of psychopathology among maltreating and non-maltreating
parent–child interactions. The participants in this study were 123 children (66 maltreated and 57 nonmaltreated) from ages
1–3. Child and parent affect and child effortful control were observed during a parent–child interaction task. Symptoms of
psychopathology were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist. The maltreated children exhibited more anger, more internalizing
symptomatology, and less positive affect compared to non-maltreated children. Among maltreated children, emotion dysregulation
was associated with internalizing symptomatology. Moreover, these data reveal parental positive affect was associated with
lower child internalizing symptomatology and parental anger was associated with higher child internalizing symptomatology
in the entire sample. This investigation offers evidence that emotion dysregulation subsequent to poor dyadic interactions
is associated with early child maltreatment. These data suggest that maltreated children experience difficulties in emotion
regulation which may be related to their higher levels of behavioral symptomatology. 相似文献
215.
Nancy S. Weinfield Lisa Ingerski Stacey Coffey Moreau 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):39-47
In this study we explored the relation between maternal and paternal depressive symptoms and toddler adjustment in a community
sample, testing direct, additive, and interactive models of parental depressive symptoms and child adjustment. Participants
were 49 families with 30-month-old children. Data were collected on maternal and paternal depressive symptoms and marital
quality, as well as on toddler internalizing and externalizing behavior. The data supported an additive, but not interactive,
model of prediction to externalizing behavior, such that maternal and paternal symptoms each accounted for unique variance
in the prediction of toddler externalizing. Models predicting toddler internalizing were not significant. Maternal reports
of marital quality, but not paternal reports of marital quality, reduced the magnitude of the relation between symptoms and
child externalizing when entered as a covariate. Implications for depression screening of parents are discussed. 相似文献
216.
Parenting Styles in a Cultural Context: Observations of "Protective Parenting" in First-Generation Latinos 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
MELANIE M. DOMENECH RODRÍGUEZ PH.D. MELISSA R. DONOVICK M.S. SUSAN L. CROWLEY PH.D. To read this article in Spanish please see this article's Supporting Information on Wiley InterScience . 《Family process》2009,48(2):195-210
Current literature presents four primary parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful. These styles provide an important shortcut for a constellation of parenting behaviors that have been characterized as consisting of warmth, demandingness, and autonomy granting. Empirically, only warmth and demandingness are typically measured. Research reporting on parenting styles in Latino samples has been equivocal leading to questions about conceptualization and measurement of parenting styles in this ethnic/cultural group. This lack of consensus may result from the chasm between concepts (e.g., authoritarian parenting) and observable parenting behaviors (e.g., warmth) in this ethnic group. The present research aimed to examine parenting styles and dimensions in a sample of Latino parents using the two usual dimensions (warmth, demandingness) and adding autonomy granting. Traditional parenting styles categories were examined, as well as additional categorizations that resulted from adding autonomy granting. Fifty first-generation Latino parents and their child (aged 4–9) participated. Parent–child interactions were coded with the Parenting Style Observation Rating Scale (P-SOS). In this sample, the four traditional parenting categories did not capture Latino families well. The combination of characteristics resulted in eight possible parenting styles. Our data showed the majority (61%) of Latino parents as "protective parents." Further, while mothers and fathers were similar in their parenting styles, expectations were different for male and female children. The additional dimensions and implications are discussed. The importance of considering the cultural context in understanding parenting in Latino families is emphasized, along with directions for future research. 相似文献
217.
Many studies point to the importance of social information processing mechanisms in understanding distinct child behaviors
such as aggression. However, few studies have assessed whether parenting might be related to such mechanisms. This study considers
how aversive forms of parenting (i.e., corporal punishment, psychological control) as well as parental warmth and responsiveness
might be concurrently associated with children’s hostile intent attributions and emotional distress in response to ambiguous
provocation scenarios (both instrumental and relational). A sample of 219 children (101 boys, 118 girls) and their parents
participated. Bivariate associations showed that parenting dimensions and child variables were significantly associated in
mostly expected ways, but only in father–child relationships (especially father–son relationships). Analyses generally showed
dimensions of aversive parenting by fathers to be associated with a greater tendency toward hostile attributional bias in
children. Moreover, paternal warmth and responsiveness, as well as corporal punishment, were associated with less emotional
distress in boys. In contrast, paternal psychological control predicted greater emotional distress in boys. The findings suggest
that the tone of the father–son relationship, in particular, may help set the tone for how boys interpret their social world.
Psychological control figures prominently in this regard. 相似文献
218.
Judi Mesman Reinoud Stoel Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Femmie Juffer Hans M. Koot Lenneke R.A. Alink 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(5):625-636
Using an accelerated longitudinal design, the development of externalizing problems from age 2 to 5 years was investigated
in relation to maternal psychopathology, maternal parenting, gender, child temperament, and the presence of siblings. The
sample consisted of 150 children selected at age 2–3 years for having high levels of externalizing problems. Parenting was
measured using observational methods, and maternal reports were used for the other variables. Overall, mean levels of externalizing
problems decreased over time, and higher initial levels (intercept) were related to a stronger decrease (negative slope) in
externalizing problems. Results showed that higher levels of maternal psychopathology were related to less decrease in early
childhood externalizing problems. Parental sensitive behavior predicted a stronger decrease in externalizing problems, but
only for children with difficult temperaments. A stronger decrease of externalizing problems in children with older siblings
also pertained only to children with difficult temperaments. Thus, temperamentally difficult children appear to be more susceptible
to environmental influences on the development of externalizing behaviors. Our results indicate that the role of siblings
in early childhood externalizing problems deserves more research attention, and that intervention efforts need to take into
account temperamental differences in children’s susceptibility to environmental influences. 相似文献
219.
Mathiesen KS Sanson A Stoolmiller M Karevold E 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(2):209-222
Using growth curve modeling, trajectories of undercontrolled (oppositional, irritable, inattentive and overactive behaviors)
and internalizing (worried, sad and fearful) problems from 18 months to 4.5 years were studied in a population based sample
of 921 Norwegian children. At the population level, undercontrolled problems decreased and internalizing problems increased
with increasing age. Child temperament and family factors present at 18 months predicted 43% of the stability and 20% of the
linear changes in undercontrolled problems and 30% of the stability and 7% of the linear changes in internalizing problems.
Persisting effects of child and family factors from 18 month were found on the two problem dimensions over and above the impact
of changes in the same risk factors. Lower initial level of partner support and higher initial level of child emotionality
predicted higher slope of undercontrolled problems and higher initial level of family stress predicted higher slope for internalizing
problems. As expected, time to time change (t1 to t2 and t2 to t3) in risk factors predicted time to time change in problem scores as well. The study shows the significance of early emerging
internalizing and undercontrolled problems, the need to consider their pathways separately from very young ages, lasting effects
of early experiences, and the importance of a dynamic approach to the analysis of risk. 相似文献
220.
The current study aimed to examine the impact of maternal depression, maternal fetal attachment (MFA) and parenting stress on maternal sensitivity, intrusiveness and positive regard for the child with a sample of 36 low-income, mothers-infant dyads that were followed from pregnancy through the first year postpartum. Maternal depression and parenting stress were expected to have a negative impact on maternal sensitivity, intrusiveness and positive regard, while high MFA was hypothesized to have a positive impact on these three outcomes. Our data provide partial support for our hypotheses. Findings from this study add to the literature by examining the stability of the maternal prenatal and postpartum bond with her infant as well as by looking at the impact of parenting stress on maternal behaviors and processes that may lead to later attachment security differences, such as maternal sensitivity and responsiveness. 相似文献