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已有的意图理解神经成像研究大多关注理解单一个体的中性或负性意图的脑功能定位, 而大脑理解依靠双人肢体运动表达的友好和敌对意图的动态时间过程尚不清楚。本研究记录了20名健康被试完成三种不同意图推理任务时的脑电成分。三种意图分别为:1)友好意图; 2)敌对意图; 3)中性无互动意图。行为结果发现理解敌对意图的反应时最短。电生理学结果表明, 在额中区的N250 (170~270 ms)上, 中性意图比友好和敌对意图均更负, 且友好意图比敌对意图也更负; 在大脑右半球的P300 (270~450 ms)上, 敌对意图比友好和中性意图均更正, 且友好意图比中性意图也更正。对友好和敌对意图的N250和P300进行溯源分析分别定位于额中回(BA10)和脑岛(BA45)。结果表明大脑在多个阶段对双人肢体运动表达的互动意图进行分类理解, 对负性敌对意图表现出较早的理解且晚期持续性的评价加工。 相似文献
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语言——自然选择的一种适应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该文认为人类的语言能力是一种生物学意义上的适应,是自然选择的产物。人类的语言与自然界中其它复杂的生物学适应相类似,也具有特定的机能。语言的特定机能在于编码叙事性信息并与他人分享,这与人类认知活动中因果推理所具有的高度社会性特点相一致。两个新的研究领域,进化博弈理论和分子进化选择理论,都证实了语言是一种受到自然选择的进化适应 相似文献
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Christopher Fowles 《Inquiry (Oslo, Norway)》2019,62(1):1-22
ABSTRACTWhile much recent attention has been directed towards Nietzsche’s reflections on the mind, and on consciousness in particular, his often-suggestive comments about thinking have thus far avoided comparable scrutiny. Starting from Nietzsche’s claims that we ‘think constantly, but [do] not know it’, and that only our conscious thinking ‘takes place in words,’ I draw out the distinct strands that underpin such remarks. The opening half of the paper focuses upon Nietzsche’s understanding of unconscious thinking, and the role of affects therein. In what remains, I consider the difference (for Nietzsche) between conscious and unconscious thought, with a particular focus on two important readings. The first, put forward by Paul Katsafanas, claims that conscious states alone have conceptually-articulated content. The second, defended most prominently by Mattia Riccardi, argues that Nietzsche’s various claims evince a form of HOT (higher-order thought) theory. I argue that neither reading is quite right, and instead propose an alternative interpretation of conscious thinking ‘in words’, which draws on work on inner speech. 相似文献
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Marti Anderson 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(2):83-104
This article focuses on subtle energies (those energies that fall outside the four regularly recognized energy forces of gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces). Research and insights from the social, physical, and healing sciences are discussed. Key concepts from these disciplines are explored creating a cross-disciplinary analysis of recent research. A case is made for building upon the growing understanding of the influence and importance of the subtle energies in our daily lives as well as the ongoing evolution of our species and planet. The author advocates for increased explorations in the use of these energies for positive social transformation and healing. 相似文献
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María D. Morera María N. Quiles Ana D. Correa Naira Delgado Jacques‐Philippe Leyens 《International journal of psychology》2018,53(4):253-260
Dehumanization is reached through several approaches, including the attribute‐based model of mind perception and the metaphor‐based model of dehumanization. We performed two studies to find different (de)humanized images for three targets: Professional people, Evil people, and Lowest of the low. In Study 1, we examined dimensions of mind, expecting the last two categories to be dehumanized through denial of agency (Lowest of the low) or experience (Evil people), compared with humanized targets (Professional people). Study 2 aimed to distinguish these targets using metaphors. We predicted that Evil and Lowest of the low targets would suffer mechanistic and animalistic dehumanization, respectively; our predictions were confirmed, but the metaphor‐based model nuanced these results: animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization were shown as overlapping rather than independent. Evil persons were perceived as “killing machines” and “predators.” Finally, Lowest of the low were not animalized but considered human beings. We discuss possible interpretations. 相似文献
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经济人信念认为人是自私的与理性的,研究者发现,经济人信念会破坏人际信任。然而,以上研究均是以大学生为被试的启动研究,限制了结论的可推广性。本研究编制了经济人信念量表,测量了351名成年被试的经济人信念及他们在投资博弈中的信任水平,以及其子女的信任水平,以考察父母的经济人信念对自身信任和其子女信任的影响。结果发现:(1)研究所编制的经济人信念量表信效度良好;(2)父母和儿童在投资博弈中均表现出了一定水平的信任;(3)父母的经济人信念能够预测其在投资博弈中的信任水平;(4)父母的经济人信念能够预测男孩在投资博弈中的投资额,主要表现为父亲的经济人信念能够负向预测男孩的投资额。 相似文献
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