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81.
The current study examined the abilities of children (6 and 8 years of age) and adults to freely categorize and label dynamic bodily/facial expressions designed to portray happiness, pleasure, anger, irritation, and neutrality and controlled for their level of valence, arousal, intensity, and authenticity. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses showed that children (n = 52) and adults (n = 33) structured expressions in systematic and broadly similar ways. Between 6 and 8 years of age, there was a quantitative, but not a qualitative, improvement in labeling. When exposed to rich and dynamic emotional cues, children as young as 6 years can successfully perceive differences between close expressions (e.g., happiness, pleasure), and can categorize them with clear boundaries between them, with the exception of irritation, which had fuzzier borders. Children’s classifications were not reliant on lexical semantic abilities and were consistent with a model of emotion categories based on their degree of valence and arousal. 相似文献
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83.
Zhongwei Wu 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(3):336-344
Along with the Chan’s “linguistic turn”, the significance of sutras, which were despised and even regarded as the obstacle
to complete enlightenment, became accepted by the Chan. Due to Yanshou’s contributions, the principle that emphasized the
diversity of teaching in terms of the relationship between meaning and expression in the Sui and Tang Dynasties has been changed
into a system which stressed the importance of the root/branches relationship of the mind and words. According to Yanshou,
the conflict between the Chan and doctrinal teachings is resolved by highlighting the significance of words. Yanshou’s work
greatly inspired the Chan’s interest in words in the Song Dynasty.
__________
Translated from Jiangsu Shehui Kexue 江苏社会科学 (Jiangsu Social Sciences), 2005, (5): 109–113 相似文献
84.
85.
David J. Bryant 《决策行为杂志》2007,20(1):37-64
In three experiments, subjects learned to classify simulated aircraft using four probabilistic cues then classified test sets designed to contrast predictions of several compensatory and non-compensatory heuristics. Results indicated that a proportion of subjects appeared to use a non-compensatory fast and frugal heuristic but that significant proportions used less frugal compensatory decision rules. The relative proportions of subjects exhibiting responses consistent with the fast and frugal heuristic versus other decision rules was largely unaffected by manipulations of time pressure and perceived cue uncertainty. An extreme time constraint, however, did result in significant differences in the proportions of subjects who preferred non-compensatory to compensatory decision rules. These results suggest that it is possible to model multi-attribute decision tasks like threat assessment with a fast and frugal heuristic although no single heuristic is a general model for the simulated threat assessment task. Copyright © 2006 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
86.
本文首先阐述了对新修订的布卢姆认知教育目标分类学与加涅和安德森的认知学习结果分类进行比较研究的缘由;然后分别概述这三个分类理论;接着就他们分类的异同进行比较,以沟通_三者关系;最后表明,应该将教学目标与学习结果分类理论相沟通才能有效运用目标分类学指导教学目标、策略和评估的设计. 相似文献
87.
An information-theoretic framework is used to analyze the knowledge content in multivariate cross classified data. Several related measures based directly on the information concept are proposed: the knowledge content (S) of a cross classification, its terseness (Zeta), and the separability (Gamma
X
) of one variable, given all others. Exemplary applications are presented which illustrate the solutions obtained where classical analysis is unsatisfactory, such as optimal grouping, the analysis of very skew tables, or the interpretation of well-known paradoxes. Further, the separability suggests a solution for the classic problem of inductive inference which is independent of sample size. 相似文献
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A random effects probit model is developed for the case in which the same units are sampled repeatedly at each level of an independent variable. Because the observed proportions may be correlated under these conditions, estimating their trend with respect to the independent variable is no longer a standard problem for probit, logit or loglinear analysis. Using a qualitative analogue of a random regressions model, we employ instead marginal maximum likelihood to estimate the average latent trend line. Likelihood ratio tests of the hypothesis of no trend in the average line, and the hypothesis of no differences in average trend lines between experimental treatments, are proposed. We illustrate the model both with simulated data and with observed data from a clinical experiment in which psychiatric patients on two drug therapies are rated on five occasions for the presence or absence of symptoms.Supported by a grant from the MacArthur Foundation and National Science Foundation Grant BNS85-11774.The authors are indebted to James Heckman for calling our attention to the Clark algorithm. 相似文献
90.