周易阴阳符号与二进制算术符号比较

周易符号和二进制算术符号是两种截然不同的文化代码及其规则．它们分别代表了东西方文化最深层的文化构造原则和最高的集体智能。本文试运用符号学的观点．通过对这两种符号的比较。概括出有标记和无标记、约定性和选择性两种文化代码规则范畴,并进一步揭示出中西文化的差异。     

深圳与北京中学生价值观特点比较研究

采用中国人价值取向问卷对507名深圳和北京的中学生进行测查。结果表明:深圳归侨生与非归侨生在“法律规范取向”上差异显著。深圳男女中学生在“金钱权力取向”、“爱情取向”和“家庭取向”上两者存在显著差异。在“正义公理取向”维度上,深圳中学生和北京中学生差异显著,在“从众取向”、“家庭取向”和“公共利益取向”上,两者差异非常显著。     

小学优生与差生完成系列回忆任务错误类型发展的实验研究

主要探讨了小学优生与差生在完成系列回忆记忆任务时出现错误的发展情况。实验以小学一、三、五年级的学生作为被试,每年级优生与差生各10名。以普通(不形似,不近音)、形似和近音三种类型汉字为实验材料,要求被试按材料呈现的顺序进行回忆。结果发现：在完成系列回忆任务时,小学生表现出四种错误类型,错误率从高到低依次是：移动错误、遗漏错误、侵入错误、重复错误。每一类型的错误率都是优生显著少于差生。研究还发现四种错误受材料特点的影响,即各年级小学生错误率从高到低近音字、形似字、普通字。     

Uniform Test Assembly

In educational practice, a test assembly problem is formulated as a system of inequalities induced by test specifications. Each solution to the system is a test, represented by a 0–1 vector, where each element corresponds to an item included (1) or not included (0) into the test. Therefore, the size of a 0–1 vector equals the number of items n in a given item pool. All solutions form a feasible set—a subset of 2 ⁿ vertices of the unit cube in an n-dimensional vector space. Test assembly is uniform if each test from the feasible set has an equal probability of being assembled. This paper demonstrates several important applications of uniform test assembly for educational practice. Based on Slepian’s inequality, a binary program was analytically studied as a candidate for uniform test assembly. The results of this study establish a connection between combinatorial optimization and probability inequalities. They identify combinatorial properties of the feasible set that control the uniformity of the binary programming test assembly. Computer experiments illustrating the concepts of this paper are presented.     

The role of visible persistence for perception of visual bilateral symmetry1

Abstract: Although the detection of visual bilateral symmetry has been claimed to be highly efficient, the possible involvement and function of visual memory in such efficient mechanisms has rarely been examined. We hypothesized that symmetry perception is rapid, as it can be achieved from rapidly decaying information of visible persistence. To test this hypothesis, we employed a temporal integration paradigm. A symmetric dot pattern was randomly divided into two asymmetric patterns and presented successively with a blank screen presented between patterns. Observers could detect symmetry when the two patterns were presented close in time (Experiment 1), indicating that observers perceived symmetry presumably utilizing visible persistence. In addition, the inverse‐intensity effect of visible persistence (Di Lollo & Bischof, 1995) was evident in our temporal integration task of symmetry (Experiment 2). The results of the current study clearly demonstrate that the detection of symmetry can be achieved based on the visible persistence. The large capacity and high spatial precision of visible persistence might be adequate for the rapid and spatially global encoding of visual symmetry.     

A Note on Comparing the Estimates of Models for Cluster-Correlated or Longitudinal Data with Binary or Ordinal Outcomes

When using linear models for cluster-correlated or longitudinal data, a common modeling practice is to begin by fitting a relatively simple model and then to increase the model complexity in steps. New predictors might be added to the model, or a more complex covariance structure might be specified for the observations. When fitting models for binary or ordered-categorical outcomes, however, comparisons between such models are impeded by the implicit rescaling of the model estimates that takes place with the inclusion of new predictors and/or random effects. This paper presents an approach for putting the estimates on a common scale to facilitate relative comparisons between models fit to binary or ordinal outcomes. The approach is developed for both population-average and unit-specific models.     

个体自尊与婚姻满意度关系的模型构建

本研究探讨了个体的自尊、自我保护倾向、对伴侣的回应方式、承诺与删因满意度的关系。结果表明：自尊通过对伴侣的回应方式和自我保护影响着个体的承诺和蜊因满意度;自尊、对伴侣的回应方式和自我保护通过承诺影响着个体的婚姻满意度。本研究还构建了自尊与婚姻满意度关系的理论模型。     

Good vibrations: Global processing can increase the pleasantness of touch

Visual–tactile carry-over effects of global/local processing (attention to the whole, versus the details) have been reported under active touch conditions. We investigated whether carry-over effects of global/local processing also occur for passive touch and whether global/local processing has differential effects on affective and discriminative aspects of touch. Participants completed two tactile tasks involving pleasantness rating and discrimination of a set of tactile vibrations before and after completing a version of the Navon task that encouraged a focus on the global (n?=?30), local (n?=?30), or both (n?=?30) features of a series of visual stimuli. In line with previous research suggesting a link between global processing and positive emotion, global processing increased pleasantness ratings of high-frequency (but not low-frequency) tactile vibrations. Local processing did not improve the ability to discriminate between vibrations of different frequencies, however. There was some evidence of a tactile–visual carry-over effect; prior local processing of tactile vibrations reduced global precedence during the Navon task in the control group. We have shown carry-over effects of global versus local processing on passive touch perception. These findings provide further evidence suggesting that a common perceptual mechanism determines processing level across modalities and show for the first time that prior global processing affects the pleasantness of touch.     

中学生师生关系的结构、类型及其发展特点

选取319名初一至高三学生作为被试,主要采用问卷法,考察中学生师生关系的结构、类型及其发展特点。结果表明：（1）师生关系结构具有冲突性、依恋性、亲密性和回避性四个维度;（2）师生关系类型包括矛盾冲突型、亲密和谐型和疏远平淡型三种类型;（3）师生关系各维度不存在显著性别差异,但存在显著年级差异,师生关系质量随年级升高呈波浪式下降趋势,初一学生的师生关系最好,初二和高二学生的师生关系最不理想;（4）师生关系各类型的人数比例存在显著年级差异。     

临床专科医生培养模式探讨

毕业后医学教育是医学教育过程中一个非常重要且必不可少的组成部分。我国的医学教育体制中没有完备的毕业后医学教育层次。随着医学模式的转变以及人民大众医疗卫生保健服务需求的急剧变化,这一缺陷的弊端日益凸显。目前在我国医学教育中增加毕业后医学教育的条件已经基本具备。可采取多种途径实施该层次教育。