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31.
《Médecine & Droit》2016,2016(141):139-146
How does Law unravel and seize Medicine? The relationship between Law and Medicine is tremendously complex. At first sight, Law understands medicine as being a medical science, an applied science, and imposes requirements in this regard, such as respect for the “established scientific knowledge” or “tested medical knowledge”. But Medicine turns out to be “Art”, a clear and authentic expertise which requires techniques reiteration. Seen by Law, Medicine is not classified into either both of these scientific or technical dimensions. Borrowing from human sciences also allows to set requirements for medical humanism. 相似文献
32.
《Médecine & Droit》2016,2016(141):131-133
This article reconsiders the reasons which justify to be interested in the links which exist between medical sciences and the constitutional law and presents the various contributions of the conference organized by the Center of constitutional law of the University Jean-Moulin (Lyon 3) devoted to this question. 相似文献
33.
Lawrence J. Ryan 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2016,28(8):948-964
Vierordt [(1868). Der zeitsinn nach versuchen. Tübingen: Laupp] observed that participants over-reproduce short durations and under-reproduce long durations within a test range of sample durations (Vierordt’s law). Similar phenomena have been reported for sensory and other processing (e.g. [Helson (1964). Adaptation-level theory. New York: Harper &; Row; Stevens, and Greenbaum (1966). Regression effect in psychophysical judgment. Perception &; Psychophysics, 1, 439–446]. Performance feedback (knowledge of results) does not correct this performance distortion although it does correct other errors. In Experiment 1, I tested the hypothesis that a random presentation order of the standard durations makes feedback on one trial inappropriate for the next trial preventing correction of the Vierordt effect. In Experiment 2, participants performed two consecutive reproductions after each standard duration. Having the opportunity to immediately utilize the feedback from the first reproduction did not eliminate the Vierordt effect, although participants did attempt to correct the error on the first reproduction. In Experiment 3, the Vierordt effect was reduced in a blocked presentation design. Feedback produced more veridical performance. I conclude that the resistance of the Vierordt effect to correction by feedback may result, in part, from feedback on a given trial being misapplied to correcting performance on the next trial. Ironically, the Vierordt effect, which produced the differing directions and magnitudes of performance errors reported by the feedback, may be what prevents feedback from correcting for the Vierordt effect. 相似文献
34.
Mariah Cowell Christopher Corsi Terence Johnson Lauren Brinkley‐Rubinstein 《American journal of community psychology》2021,67(1-2):142-151
Media attention relevant to law enforcement use of force in the last decade finally alerted the scientific community to the need for more research regarding law enforcement discretion and decision making. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the existing literature to explore the motivating factors for law enforcement use of force. This study will utilize a social–ecological framework to systematically examine factors that impact officer decisions to use force at the individual and community levels. The paper includes recommendations for research and practice through an equity lens that highlights the disparate use of force against men of color in particular. Interventions, trainings, education, and research to stop the promotion of perceived safety over justice will be highlighted. 相似文献
35.
《Médecine & Droit》2022,2022(173):21-24
Medical certificates have a regular place in general medicine consultation. Since 2011, the french law has highlighted the absence of regulatory support of certain certificates, in particular of public services. The objective of this study was to find out which regulatory texts were based on the medical certificates required by a municipal administration, 8 years after the 2011 rationalization circular?Material and methodQualitative study by observation and critical analysis of certificates by literature reviews according to the main PRISMA quality criteria (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes). The first step consisted of the exhaustive collection of the medical certificates provided by the municipality, for the citizens or the employees of the city. The origin of one of the municipal services was the only criterion for inclusion. The second stage consisted in analyzing the certificates according to the law by using databases classified depending on their level, taking their regulatory value into account as a priority. The research equations were constructed with an inductive process as the certificates were collected.ResultsForty-two certificates were collected and analyzed. Twenty-seven had regulatory support, two of which (not concerned in general medicine) complied with its content. No regulatory support was found for the 15 other certificates. The regulatory vagueness around sports accidents, or even the abuse of authority, are explanations for these certificates without existing or respected regulatory support.ConclusionThe general practitioner is put in a difficult and ambivalent position. A major institutional commitment should be considered for the rationalization of medical certificates, in particular through medical education, health education for users and law enforcement. 相似文献
36.
《Médecine & Droit》2022,2022(172):5-7
Combining AI and medicine means talking about the medicine of the future, but even more about improving the quality of care. Its fields of application: predictive medicine, precision medicine, decision support, prevention, computer-assisted surgery, robotic support for the elderly, etc. are all related concerns: the possibility of maintaining human contact with the patient, the explicability of the algorithm - the collection of health data - and the improvement of the health care system. AI applications are already improving the quality of care. Its deployment at the heart of the medicine of the future is in constant evolution. To be acceptable and legitimate, the decisions of any algorithm must be understood and therefore explained. Only a good understanding of the diagnoses and therapies proposed by the AI application will allow doctors to discuss with their patients and to explain the possible alternatives. In the opposite case, the doctor risks to dismiss the use of algorithms because he will not be able to justify the decisions which will pose problems in terms of liability research in particular. 相似文献
37.
Marcus P. Adams 《British Journal for the History of Philosophy》2013,21(3):403-424
Many critics, Descartes himself included, have seen Hobbes as uncharitable or even incoherent in his Objections to the Meditations on First Philosophy. I argue that when understood within the wider context of his views of the late 1630s and early 1640s, Hobbes's Objections are coherent and reflect his goal of providing an epistemology consistent with a mechanical philosophy. I demonstrate the importance of this epistemology for understanding his Fourth Objection concerning the nature of the wax and contend that Hobbes's brief claims in that Objection are best understood as a summary of the mechanism for scientific knowledge found in his broader work. Far from displaying his confusion, Hobbes's Fourth Objection in fact pinpoints a key weakness of Descartes's faculty psychology: its unintelligibility within a mechanical philosophy. 相似文献
38.
《Reformation & Renaissance Review》2013,15(2):225-246
AbstractDuring the 1640s, English divines came to place new weight on the role of the Apostles in founding the Christian Church. Earlier in the century, Archbishop Laud and his allies had tended to appeal to the Old Testament, and especially to the Jerusalem of King David, as a model for the English church. In Jerusalem, they argued, king and church had cooperated in perfect harmony, and they sought to emulate this situation. With the outbreak of civil war, however, Jerusalem no longer seemed such an appropriate model. Clerics and laymen alike had to think afresh about the relationship between church and state, and several episcopalian clergymen began to appeal instead to the church of the Apostles, seeing this as a template for a church which was independent of the state. This essay examines the concept of apostolicity as understood between 1620 and 1650, showing that it proved both fruitful and problematic for English theologians. 相似文献
39.
The paper describes an application of child psychotherapy in a paediatric setting. It examines the crucial part that attention to endings played in a clinical intervention where the phantasy of going on for ever threatened to inhibit growth. Case material is used to illustrate the different meanings and functions of endings and their significance in terms of parenting issues and developmental tasks. In this context the concept of negative elasticity is put forward as a useful tool for exploring the nature of boundaries. The final part of the paper focuses on the value of the external-reality experience of ending, its relationship to potential professional omnipotence and the importance of sustaining a tension between inner- and outer-world factors. 相似文献
40.
Many Anglicans have begun to see the institutions of the Anglican Communion as something of a ‘tortoise’, either because of their halting journey towards gay and lesbian inclusion, or because of the way in which they have only slowly moved towards a clear rejection of such an ‘innovation’. How does the Anglican Communion actually operate in the face of such developments? This article argues that the Instruments of Communion have adopted an ordered approach to the Communion's life – working through legitimate structures both at provincial and Communion level. It sets out some of the main channels through which the Communion has been working – the Windsor Process and the proposal for an Anglican Covenant – and argues in favour of such an ordered approach to life. 相似文献