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351.
Nihilism,Nietzsche and the Doppelganger Problem 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Charles R. Pigden 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(5):441-456
Nihilism, Nietzsche and the Doppelganger Problem Was Nietzsche a nihilist? Yes, because, like J. L. Mackie, he was an error-theorist about morality, including the elitist morality to which he himself subscribed. But he was variously a diagnostician, an opponent and a survivor of certain other kinds of nihilism. Schacht argues that Nietzsche cannot have been an error theorist, since meta-ethical nihilism is inconsistent with the moral commitment that Nietzsche displayed. Schacht’s exegetical argument parallels the substantive argument (advocated in recent years by Wright and Blackburn) that Mackie’s error theory can’t be true because if it were, we would have to give up morality or give up moralizing. I answer this argument with a little bit of help from Nietzsche. I then pose a problem, the Doppelganger Problem, for the meta-ethical nihilism that I attribute to Mackie and Nietzsche. (If A is a moral proposition then not-A is a moral proposition: hence not all moral propositions can be false.) I solve the problem by reformulating the error theory and also deal with a variant of the problem, the Reinforced Doppelganger, glancing at a famous paper of Ronald Dworkin’s. Thus, whatever its demerits, the error theory, is not self-refuting, nor does it require us to give up morality. 相似文献
352.
Timothy Bays 《Erkenntnis》2007,67(1):119-135
In an earlier paper, I claimed that one version of Putnam's model-theoretic argument against realism turned on a subtle, but
philosophically significant, mathematical mistake. Recently, Luca Bellotti has criticized my argument for this claim. This
paper responds to Bellotti's criticisms. 相似文献
353.
Objectives: Celebrity followers of the Church of Scientology have recently used their public forum to attack the modern practice of mental
health. The practice of Scientology is rooted in the religious writings of its founder, L. Ron Hubbard. This paper will review
the religious writings of L Ron Hubbard to understand Scientology’s position on mental health.
Method: This paper reviews four of the major religious books written by L Ron Hubbard, in addition to a comprehensive overview of
Scientology compiled by Scientology staff.
Results: Hubbard’s theory of mind borrowed heavily from the earlier writings of Freud, until Hubbard’s psychological theory extended
to include a spiritual existence that goes beyond the material world. The goal of Hubbard’s psychology and religion were to
optimize the freedom of the individual, and he viewed psychiatry and psychology as inherently anti-spiritual and opposed to
personal freedom and self-realization. Ultimately Hubbard presents a world view of potential nuclear world cataclysm, fueled
by the geopolitical climate and mental health theories that dominated the mid 20th century.
Conclusions: Hubbard’s writings mirrored the times in which he lived. His views that mental health practices are inherently anti-religious,
freedom-inhibiting, and brain damaging do not reflect the modern-day practices of mental health.
Dr. McCall is presently Professor and Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine at the Wake Forest
University School of Medicine. He completed his medical degree and post-graduate psychiatric training at Duke University.
He completed a Masters degree in Epidemiology from Wake Forest University. He is board certified in general psychiatry, geriatric
psychiatry, and sleep disorders medicine. His research interests include depression, electroconvulsive therapy, quality of
life, and insomnia. His research has been continuously funded by the National Institute of Mental Health since 1995, and he
is author of more than 100 peer-reviewed journal articles. He is Editor of the Journal of ECT, Immediate-Past President of
the Association for Convulsive Therapy, and a prior Director of the Board of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 相似文献
354.
Yair Lipshitz 《Journal of Modern Jewish Studies》2018,17(3):361-376
Theatre, as an art form that unfolds through time and moulds temporal experience, engages with its surrounding culture’s temporal imagination, the ways in which society conceives time, its movement, structures, and meaning. I. L. Peretz’s enigmatic and avant-garde Yiddish drama, At Night in the Old Marketplace, utilizes this potential of the theatre to tackle the question of messianic time and the ways in which it can be realized on the stage. By evoking Jewish traditions regarding the Messiah, religious nocturnal rituals, and the dynamics of Carnival, Peretz reconfigures messianic time as a radical, recurring yet fleeting, temporal experience. Theatrical temporality has affinities with messianic time because both are transitory and charged, condensed and ephemeral, and disjointed from the experience of time in everyday life. Rather than imagining messianic time as an eternal future to be awaited, Peretz’s play invites us to ponder in the theatre about the possibility of a messianically charged, albeit always fleeting, present. 相似文献
355.
NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS,TECHNOLOGY, AND SCIENCE: THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE E‐METER IN SCIENTOLOGY TEACHINGS
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Stefano Bigliardi 《Zygon》2016,51(3):661-683
This article is aimed at contributing to the study of the relationship that new religious movements entertain with technology and science. It focuses on an object that is central in Scientology's teachings and practice: the Electropsychometer or E‐meter. In interaction with the general public, such as in a 2014 TV Super Bowl advertisement, Scientology seems to claim a unique relationship with science and technology in the form of a “combination” and a “connection” evoked while displaying this very E‐meter. Hence, exploring the teachings related to it is relevant in order to understand how such combination or connection is conceptualized. 相似文献
356.
The effective enforcement of traffic laws is critical for improved road safety outcomes. Decisions to follow traffic rules and pay fines are influenced by formal institutions (e.g. laws, court summons, and fines) as well as informal institutions (e.g. norms and aspects of culture). Formal and informal institutions create incentives that should be designed to steer individuals’ behaviour towards desired outcomes. Unfortunately, there is no reason to believe that the institutions to deal with traffic violations in South Africa currently create effective incentives. This paper discusses the findings of a controlled laboratory experiment, conducted with a sample of university students, that tested the efficacy of different financial incentives that may influence the payment of traffic fines. An early payment discount was compared to a late payment penalty (used in other countries, for example, some states in the USA), and to the absence of any incentives. Furthermore, we examined whether the willingness to settle fines is sensitive to the likelihood of detection by the authorities. We found that introducing financial incentives significantly increases voluntary payment of fines, irrespective of whether immediate payment is encouraged with a discount or late payment is discouraged with a surcharge. In addition, subjects are more sensitive to the likelihood of detection when financial incentives are present. 相似文献
357.
Social dominance was analyzed in a group of Lemur macaco over a one-year period. A gonistic dominance was assessed by computing a dominance index for each individual in baseline conditions and in a competitive drinking situation, where success was measured as the amount of time in possession of the resource (a hottle of fruit juice). Dominance indexes during drinking competition were significantly correlated with baseline dominance indexes but were not correlated with individual drinking success. Adult females were agonistically do, omsmy over all other individuals, but were frequently challenged by juveniles of both sexes for access to the drinking bottle. In males, there was a significant negative correlation between age and dominance indexes during competition tests, and between age and drinking success. Results are analysed in the ligh of recent theories concerning the emergence of female social dominance. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
358.
论内隐学习在二语习得中的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简要地介绍了内隐学习的内涵、机制等内容,进而分析其在二语习得语音、词汇、语法、阅读和写作中的作用。 相似文献
359.
Four experiments are reported which investigated the processes which contribute to the failure of rats to bury fluids that have acquired aversive properties through pairings with lithium chloride toxicosis. Fluids that failed to provide strong olfactory stimulation were avoided but not buried. These solutions, however, produced higher order conditioning of odor-bearing solutions which were buried readily. Various control experiments indicated that these effects depended upon the odorous qualities of the stimulus and not upon simple novelty effects or changes in gustatory stimulation. These data indicate that the inability of aversive gustatory cues to produce burying reflects a constraint on motivational or S-R learning processes. 相似文献
360.
Structured personality test item characteristics and validity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ronald R. Holden G. Cynthia Fekken Douglas N. Jackson 《Journal of research in personality》1985,19(4):386-394
Using the structured personality test item as the unit of analysis, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the relationship between validity and a variety of other test item parameters. Of particular interest was the relationship of test item criterion validity to negative keying and to negative wording. By drawing a distinction between negative keying and negative wording it was demonstrated that the use of balanced scales to control acquiescence need not result in a reduction in item criterion validity. Whereas the use of negative wording has in the past reduced validity, data demonstrated that positively worded, negatively keyed items did not. In addition, results indicated that clear, moderately short, relevant test items tended to be the most empirically valid. 相似文献