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151.
Stephan Kornmesser 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2008,39(1):53-67
In this article I will compare two approaches for defining theoretical terms, that of Logical Empirism (especially the approach
of R. Carnap) and that of Structuralism (according to the works of J. Sneed and W. Stegmüller). I will determine explicitly
the accounts of theoreticity in both Logical Empirism and Structuralism, and compare them by means of a case study: a structuralistic
reconstruction of Neurobiological Constructivism (according to the theory of G. Roth). I will point out that the structuralistic
criticism on the account of theoreticity of Logical Empirism is insufficient and that the structuralistic criterion of theoreticity
does not satisfy the requirements of demarcation for theoretical terms demanded by Logical Empirism.
相似文献
Stephan KornmesserEmail: |
152.
153.
Andreas Frings 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2007,38(1):31-56
Summary
Rational Choice and Historical Explanation. The dichotomy between narrative and causal approaches is one of the most discussed problems in historical explanation. The
main problem seems to be that many philosophers and historians do not agree with the argument of analytical philosophy of
history that explanations demand law-like assumptions. Even Arthur C. Danto, however, who is often regarded as the founder
of narrative explanatory approaches, did not leave causality behind. Contrarily, he defended the covering-law-scheme against
unfounded criticism and showed that causality and narration can be reconciled. But Danto did not say which laws should play
a major role in historical explanations. This gap could be bridged by one of the most successful research programs in the
social sciences over the last decades, the Rational Choice approach. This approach should, however, be reduced to its basic
assumption, the presumption of subjective rationality (which principally corresponds an older hermeneutic tradition), and
be integrated into the “model of a sociological explanation” (which is very popular among European sociologists). The result
is a concept of a historical explanation that does justice to the linguistic turn (in its formulation by Willard Van Orman
Quine), to the demands of the covering-law-scheme and to the ambitions of historians to narrate and explain a historical phenomenon
at the same time. 相似文献
154.
François Martin‐Vallas 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2017,62(1):50-66
Starting from the question the youthful Carl Gustav pondered as he sat on ‘his’ stone – ‘Am I he who sits on the stone, or am I the stone on which he sits?’ – the author has attempted to show that, for Jung, the idea of identity is founded on a wilful non‐determination. This stance results in ethical and methodological repercussions that differentiate it both from the Freudian project and from Hindu and Buddhist thought, while at the same time having much in common with them. The paper refers to the notions of emergence and (Varela et al. 1992) enaction 2 2 According to the Wikipedia entry, the introduction of the term ‘enaction’ is attributed to Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch (1992), who proposed the name to ‘emphasize the growing conviction that cognition is not the representation of a pre‐given world by a pre‐given mind but is rather the enactment of a world and a mind on the basis of a history of the variety of actions that a being in the world performs’.
and argues that the concept of the archetype, especially in relation to the self, merits a re‐evaluation in light of the new scientific paradigm. 相似文献
and argues that the concept of the archetype, especially in relation to the self, merits a re‐evaluation in light of the new scientific paradigm. 相似文献
155.
156.
157.
Computersimulationen: Modellierungen 2. Ordnung 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Günter?Küppers Johannes?LenhardEmail author 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2005,36(2):305-329
Summary Es soll ein Beitrag zur epistemischen Charakterisierung von Computersimulationen als jenseits von Experiment und Theorie geleistet werden. Es wird argumentiert, dass die in der Simulationstechnik eingesetzten Verfahren nicht numerische L?sungen liefern, sondern deren Dynamik mittels generativer Mechanismen imitieren. Die Computersimulationen in der Klimatologie werden als systematisches wie historisches Fallbeispiel behandelt. Erst ,,Simulationsexperimente“ gestatten es, mittels Modellen eine Dynamik zu imitieren, ohne deren Grundgleichungen zu ,,l?sen“. 相似文献
158.
159.
Carl Goldberg 《Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies》2001,3(2):167-185
The ability of behavioral scientists to assist society deal competently with destructive behavior relies upon a recognition of its causes. Despite the pervasiveness of violence in American society, the roots of destructiveness are still poorly understood. Five primary and five secondary factors found in the developmental histories of people who have become involved in serious destruction are identified and discussed. The confluence of these factors in the steps toward destructive acts are traced. 相似文献
160.
Joanna de Waal 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2023,68(4):706-728
In this paper the author explores a cultural narrative that she suggests rests on the concepts of the Feminine and Masculine as such, employing both as though they contain an agreed set of universal givens. These givens are extrapolated from an androcentric perspective on female and male bodies, in particular their biological functions regarding reproduction. The metaphors of the baby-in-womb, mother’s preoccupation with child and heteronormative sexual relations are the primary cyphers for the narrative. She suggests that remaining unconscious of this narrative, such that it is taken as a universal given, can hamper a person’s relation to themselves, the world and others. The author names two concepts, Home and Identity: Home being an hospitable and accommodating space with Identity denoting the one who inhabits the space. In the narrative these two are unhelpfully categorized as belonging to the Feminine and the Masculine respectively. For ease of understanding the author uses a capital letter to designate an abstract idea, and lower case when referring to the concrete or particular. Clinical examples are given throughout the paper to illustrate how acknowledgement and awareness of this narrative might free the analyst or therapist to think more broadly around issues pertaining to space and identity. 相似文献