We measured changes in physical activity in 2 obese preschool children when a package intervention was evaluated in a reversal design. Physical activity was measured via direct observation and pedometers. Although the intervention produced only modest increases in activity, the results provide preliminary concurrent validation for the dependent measures used, in that the two measures covaried and a similar degree of change was observed with each across baseline and intervention phases. 相似文献
Increasing physical activity is a crucial component of any comprehensive approach to combat the growing obesity epidemic. This review summarizes recent behavioral research on the measurement of physical activity and interventions aimed at increasing physical activity and provides directions for future research. 相似文献
Associations among personality as measured by the Five Factor Model, physical activity, and muscle strength were assessed using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 1220, age: mean = 58, SD = 16). General linear modeling with adjustment for age, sex, race, and body mass index, and bootstrapping for mediation were used. We found neuroticism and most of its facets to negatively correlate with strength. The extraversion domain and its facets of warmth, activity, and positive-emotions were positively correlated with strength, independent of covariates. Mediation analysis results suggest that these associations are partly explained by physical activity level. Findings extend the evidence of an association between personality and physical function to its strength component and indicate health behavior as an important pathway. 相似文献
Upon stimulation, real time maps of cortical hemodynamic responses can be obtained by non-invasive functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) which measures changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin after positioning multiple sources and detectors over the human scalp. The current commercially available transportable fNIRS systems have a time resolution of 1-10 Hz, a depth sensitivity of about 1.5 cm, and a spatial resolution of about 1 cm. The goal of this brief review is to report infants, children and adults fNIRS language studies. Since 1998, 60 studies have been published on cortical activation in the brain’s classic language areas in children/adults as well as newborns using fNIRS instrumentations of different complexity. In addition, the basic principles of fNIRS including features, strengths, advantages, and limitations are summarized in terms that can be understood even by non specialists. Future prospects of fNIRS in the field of language processing imaging are highlighted. 相似文献
Recognized challenges in promoting long-term physical activity maintenance may be due to inconsistencies in the conceptualization and operationalization of behavior maintenance terminology in physical activity research. The overall goal of this paper is to propose a framework and agenda for the development of a common set of terms, definitions, and measures for physical activity maintenance concepts that can be widely tested and evaluated. To initiate this effort, this paper (1) provides an overview of conceptual and operational definitions of physical activity maintenance used in the empirical literature, (2) evaluates whether behavior maintenance terms used in addiction science can be translated to physical activity, (3) recommends research directions for developing consensus definitions of physical activity maintenance, and (4) proposes a conceptual model of physical activity maintenance with inflection points that require operational definitions to be decided upon through consensus efforts in the field. Consensus over the conceptualization and operationalization of physical activity maintenance is needed to draw conclusions regarding which policies and programs are best able to promote long-term behavior change. 相似文献
Seeing oneself as a physically active person is one of the strongest predictors of physical activity behaviour and self-regulatory strategies. Determining whether and how physical activity self-perceptions can be stimulated may help low-active individuals who do not see themselves as a physically active person become more active. Cross-sectional research has tested the Physical Activity Self-Definition (PASD) model among active samples; longitudinal studies among low-active adults have yet to be done. The purpose of this study was to test the predictive power of the PASD model among low-active adults over a 16-week physical activity intervention. Participants completed surveys of validated questionnaires in-person at baseline (pre-intervention) and at 16-weeks (end of intervention) at one of two primary care facilities. The final sample included 119 low-active adults. Partial least squares-structural equation modeling indicated that the original model had small-medium predictive power (Q2 = 0.22; SRMR = 0.13 [0.05, 0.07]; RMSE = 1.13; MAE = 0.9; BIC = 1348.40). Two paths were added in the revised model (perceived wanting—PASD; perceived ability—perceived commitment), which explained an additional 4% and 5% of the variance in perceived commitment (R2 = 0.62 [0.48, 0.72]) and PASD (R2 = 0.74 [0.64, 0.80]; all p’s < 0.001), respectively. The revised model had medium predictive power (Q2 = 0.25; SRMR = 0.11 [0.05, 0.06]; RMSE = 1.1; MAE = 0.87; BIC = 1332.84) All path coefficients remained positive and significant at p ≤ .001. Among low-active adults, perceived wanting and perceived ability may be more salient when engaging in physical activity and regarding themselves as a physically active person. Findings may support practitioners and health care professionals in designing physical activity interventions to foster PASD among low-active adult populations. 相似文献
Objective: A growing body of evidence suggests that affective judgements are distinct from, and exert greater influence on, physical activity behaviours than instrumental judgements.
Design: As part of a randomised controlled trial, 110 insufficiently active, female, university students were randomised to (a) an affective mental contrasting condition, (b) an instrumental mental contrasting condition, or (c) a ‘standard’ mental contrasting intervention (with no modifications). In the analyses concerning the trial’s primary outcome, the affective mental contrasting condition was found to be more effective for increasing physical activity than the standard or instrumental conditions. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the physical activity outcomes and obstacles elicited from participants as part of the three mental contrasting interventions within this trial.
Results: 32 lower-order physical activity judgement themes, categorised within seven high-order themes, were derived through the use of the mental contrasting intervention. In addition to identifying several affective and instrumental outcomes and obstacles that have previously been recognised, participants in this study also highlighted contextualised responses that describe complicated relationships that exist between affective and instrumental judgements.
Conclusions: This study provides fine-grained insight into cognitive processes derived from a novel intervention involving insufficiently active women. 相似文献
This article examines the agroecological transition as a design process led by farmers on their farms. The objective of this article is to contribute to the understanding of the design activity implemented by two cereal growers in France engaged in a conversion to organic farming. To this end, several interviews were conducted and supported by the Chronicle of Change Method (Chizallet et al., 2018). They are analysed on the basis of the dialogical model of design understood as a dialogue between the “virtual” and the “real” (Béguin, 2011) to which we propose to add a third dimension: the “designable”. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the design activity and to characterize it through a trilogical design model that includes the “virtual”, the “real”, and the “designable”. These results are discussed in the light of research studies emphasizing the temporality of actors’ trajectories, which make it possible to enrich the characterization of the design activity proposed in this article. Finally, this article proposes ways to improve the Chronicle of Change Method. 相似文献