The phenomenology and temporal distributions of autobiographical memories elicited with emotional and neutral cue words

In this study we examined whether the temporal distribution of autobiographical memory changes when different types of cue words are used to elicit the memories, and how the type of cue word affects the phenomenal characteristics of the memories. A total of 76 participants, ranging in age from 21 to 69 years, were presented with 22 cue words (emotional, emotion-provoking, and neutral). They were asked to recall a personal event and to complete the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (Rubin, Schrauf, & Greenberg, 2003, 2004) for each cue word. Results showed that the phenomenological properties of autobiographical memories which were cued with emotional and emotion-provoking words were rated higher than those of memories which were cued with neutral words, and that the peak in the temporal distributions of the autobiographical memories that were cued with emotional or emotion-provoking words were located later than the peak of the distribution of the memories that were cued with neutral words.     

字词认知N170成分及其发展

字词认知早期的N170成分是第一个对语言材料敏感的成分.最近对字词认知N170成分的研究主要集中在探讨其敏感性、偏侧化以及此成分的发展变化.大量研究认为字词N170成分的敏感性与正字法加工有关,但也有一些研究认为其受语音、语义调制.对于此成分的偏侧化研究结果较一致认为是左侧化.最近的发展研究对N170成分进行探讨,取得了一些成果.在剖析现有研究基础上,本文认为应对字词认知N170成分的偏侧化、功能分离等问题进行深入研究.     

阅读中词汇视觉编码年老化的原因:基于消失文本实验的证据

研究采用消失文本范式、操控双词消失的延迟时间,考察中文读者编码两个相邻词汇（词n与词n+1）视觉信息的年老化问题。结果发现,从40 ms延迟时间至160 ms延迟时间的所有消失条件均不影响青年人的句子总阅读时间,这意味着青年人能够并行、快速地同时编码词n与词n+1的视觉信息;而所有消失条件都影响老年人的句子阅读时间,40 ms延迟时间消失条件对总阅读时间的影响程度甚于其他较长延迟时间的消失文本条件,80 ms、120 ms和160 ms延迟时间消失条件对总阅读时间的影响程度完全相同。由这些结果可以确定,中文阅读中词汇视觉编码的年老化同时受视觉与认知因素衰退的影响。     

小学生领导力萌芽与发展的实证研究

摘 要 本研究以四年级学生为研究对象,通过话语分析,探究了八个无领导小组八次讨论过程中领导力的萌芽状况及其影响因素。结果发现,小学生可自发出现领导力行为,但只有两个小组会涌现出明显的领导者,并表现为独立领导和协同领导两种不同模式。对学生和教师行为的综合分析显示,学生领导力的形成与教师示范、反馈及同伴互动存在密切关系,这对学生领导力的培养具有重要的启示意义。     

阅读理解推断策略教学研究

研究30位不同语文能力的小学五年级男女学生,透过外显的计算机学习软件,学习7个词语、7个句子和6个段落的理解推断策略。词语和句子的推断策略有:主题、何人、何事、相关知识、词语前后关系、语法;段落的推断策略有:前段主题、前段细节、前段段旨、相关知识、篇章结构。研究发现不同语文能力和性别的学生的整体学习成效都十分显著,其中段落推断的学习成绩女生明显高于男生。     

科学杂志目录中图文版式的效果研究

本研究的目的是探讨读者在阅读科学杂志目录时的眼动特征。实验设计为5(插图位置:居左、居右、交错、居上、居下)×2(插图注解:有、无)×2(文字颜色:黑、蓝)。被试为大学生。使用ASL Model 504眼动仪。结果表明:1.插图位置的注视时间与次数的主效应显著;2.插图注解的注视时间与次数的主效应显著。     

A comparison of prompting methods to teach sight words to students with autism spectrum disorder

Time delay procedures are one of the most commonly used and effective strategies for teaching sight words to learners with disabilities. However, less is known about whether they are differentially effective and efficient with learners. This study compared the effectiveness and efficiency of progressive time delay and simultaneous prompting on sight word acquisition among three learners with autism spectrum disorder using an adapted alternating treatments design across word sets. For two participants, both procedures led to skill acquisition with no clear differences in efficiency. For the remaining participant, neither procedure was effective; therefore, the reading task was changed to a receptive one, and a stimulus fading intervention package was implemented.     

家校合作对青少年学业成绩的影响：一个有调节的中介模型

本研究基于广州市基础教育质量监测项目,以2380名初中生及其家长为被试,构建一个有调节的中介模型,考察了家校合作对青少年学业成绩的影响机制。研究发现：（1）家校合作对青少年学业成绩具有显著的正向预测作用;（2）在家校合作对青少年学业成绩的影响中,亲子沟通发挥了部分中介作用;（3）独生状况调节了家校合作→亲子沟通→学业成绩的后半段,即相对于非独生子女而言,独生子女亲子沟通对学业成绩的促进作用更为显著。     

The effect of sample duration and cue on a double temporal discrimination

To test the assumptions of two models of timing, Scalar Expectancy Theory (SET) and Learning to Time (LeT), nine pigeons were exposed to two temporal discriminations, each signaled by a different cue. On half of the trials, pigeons learned to choose a red key after a 1.5-s horizontal bar and a green key after a 6-s horizontal bar; on the other half of the trials, they learned to choose a blue key after a 6-s vertical bar and a yellow key after a 24-s vertical bar. During subsequent test trials, they were exposed to the horizontal or vertical bar, for durations ranging from 1.5 to 24 s, and given a choice between novel key combinations: red vs. yellow, or green vs. blue. Results showed a strong effect of sample duration—as the test signal duration increased, preference for green over blue increased and preference for red over yellow decreased. The effect of sample cue was obtained only on the green-blue test trials. These effects are discussed in light of SET and LeT.     

《管子》佚文考论

《管子》一书,有部分内容亡佚。本文在前人基础上,辑录整理《管子》佚文19条,并对这些佚文与今本《管子》的关系及其思想内容进行了初步探讨。