Central vision in the newborn

Newborns' fixations on a 4° dot were longer than their fixations on the comparable part of a blank field. This suggests newborns can detect a stimulus with the fovea or with some part of the retina near the fovea.     

Three approaches to the study of infant temperament

In temperament research, the sensitive quantification of individual differences is critical, and biases affecting temperament measures differ somewhat from those affecting normative studies of development. In this paper, we attempt to specify major biases and strengths of the three methods most widely used in the assessment of infant temperament: parent report, home observation, and laboratory observation. We also describe an ongoing research program in order to illustrate how potential biases may be negotiated. We conclude that choice of temperament measure or measures depends upon (a) the purpose of the assessment, (b) knowledge of empirical relations among methods, and (c) evaluations of the seriousness of potential measurement biases.     

The emergence of representation in search: Understanding the hider as an independent agent

Corrigan's results point the way toward a reconceptualization of how the development of representation affects search. The child does not cognitively recreate the invisible displacements of the object. Instead she seems to understand that the hider is an independent agent who can use simple hiding strategies that the child does not directly perceive. This representational skill for search, we propose, is one realization of a general representational capacity that emerges late in the second year. The general capacity is defined structurally as the ability to coordinate two sensorimotor systems into a single skill. Although there seem to be some discontinuities in the emergence of the representational capacity, its development is mostly gradual and continuous.     

Differences or deficits? The significance of pretend and sociodramatic play

The developmental significance of pretend and sociodramatic play remains unresolved. Quite possibly, such play experiences facilitate a range of developmental competences which other experiences (including focused training) can facilitate equally effectively. If this were so, individual differences in such forms of play need not be a matter of direct concern in themselves. Such differences could be related to proximate variables which would be of greater scientific significance than broader or vaguer social class labels, although the political and economic realities of socioeconomic status should not be forgotten.