Examining the importance of academic-specific self-compassion in the academic self-control model

ABSTRACT

The aim of this investigation was to determine whether an academic-specific self-compassion scale would share stronger bivariate relationships with academic-focused variables, act as a stronger unique predictor of university adaptation than a general measure of self-compassion, and moderate the relationship between general and academic resourcefulness. A convenience sample of 422 undergraduates completed measures assessing general learned resourcefulness, academic self-efficacy, failure attributions, academic goal focus, academic resourcefulness, academic self-compassion, and university adaptation. As hypothesized, academic self-compassion shared a stronger relationship with academic resourcefulness than a general measure of self-compassion; academic self-compassion independently predicted university adaptation along with academic resourcefulness and expected GPA; and, unlike general self-compassion, academic self-compassion did not moderate the relationship between general and academic resourcefulness, providing support for academic self-compassion being a type of academic self-control that is “emotion-oriented.” The value of using academic-specific versus global constructs when assessing academic outcomes is discussed.     

Manifestation of altruism: Perceptions among counselling students in the United Kingdom

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the applicability of a proposed model of the development of altruism, or unselfish caring for others, as perceived by counselling students in the UK. Method: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight counsellors‐in‐training. The data analysis involved open coding, axial coding, and the development of a coding paradigm. Findings: The findings address the four factors (biological, cognitive, social learning, and religiosity/spirituality) proposed in the model. Additional themes included: (a) community development and sustainability, (b) altruism across the lifespan, and (c) the counselling profession. Implications: The findings suggest a relationship between altruism and counsellor success. This supports the integration of altruism within the counselling curriculum, as it relates to the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) Ethical Framework (2010). Furthermore, the findings support future research focused on altruism.     

Attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help among Chinese students at a UK university

Aim: In this study we aimed to investigate whether Chinese international and British home students at a university in the United Kingdom differed in their attitudes towards seeking psychological help. Method: The total sample comprised 323 participants. Participants completed measures to assess their attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help (recognition of need for psychological help, stigma tolerance, interpersonal openness, confidence in mental health practitioners). Results: Chinese students reported significantly less interpersonal openness than that reported by British students. Contrary to prediction, however, no significant group differences were found on any of the other mental health attitudes (i.e. recognition of need for psychological help, confidence in mental health practitioners or stigma tolerance). Within‐group contrasts also showed that Chinese students reported lower scores on interpersonal openness than on stigma tolerance and confidence in mental health practitioners. In contrast, British participants reported less confidence in mental health practitioners and recognition of the need for psychological help than reported for stigma tolerance and interpersonal openness. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for a greater understanding of students' cultural inclinations toward mental health issues and cultural attitudes that may hinder and/or facilitate students' access and engagement with psychological services in higher education institutions.     

免费师范生教师职业认同量表的编制

鉴于免费师范生的特殊性,有必要对其教师职业认同进行科学研究。本研究在前期调研与访谈的基础上,对北京某高校284名免费师范生进行问卷测试,编制了《免费师范生教师职业认同量表》,并重新选取168名免费师范生施测,采用验证性因素分析技术对量表进行结构检验。研究结果表明：（1）免费师范生的教师职业认同感包括内在价值认同、外在价值认同、意志行为认同三个维度;（2）免费师范生教师职业认同量表具有良好的信、效度。     

印尼留学生汉语句子产生中的跨语言句法启动

采用图片描述范式探讨了不同年级印尼留学生汉语句子产生中的跨语言句法启动效应。结果发现,印尼语主动句启动条件下中年级印尼留学生没有产生跨语言句法启动,而高年级印尼留学生产生了跨语言句法启动;印尼语被动句启动条件下中、高年级印尼留学生均产生明显的跨语言句法启动。本研究结果初步表明,印尼留学生印尼语－汉语间跨语言句法启动与词序无关而与汉语水平有关。即使启动句为词序不同的印尼语被动句时,也能产生印尼语－汉语间跨语言句法启动。中年级印尼留学生句法表征中母语句法特征占优势,高年级印尼留学生句法表征中母语和汉语两种句法     

Comorbidity of anxiety-depression among Australian university students: implications for student counsellors

ABSTRACT

The incidence, factor structure and scale item differences in anxiety-depression comorbidity were investigated in a sample of Australian university students defined according to the presence of anxiety and/or depression. The incidence of anxiety-depression comorbidity was over 32%, about four times that for anxiety or depression alone. Participants with comorbidity had significantly higher Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) total and factor scores than those with anxiety or depression alone. The major differences between the comorbid and unitary disordered subgroups were for self-disintegration and autonomic arousal. Comorbidity of anxiety and depression is a more serious disorder than either anxiety or depression alone, and appears to exist in large proportions among university students. Assessment and treatment plans might benefit from inclusion of this comorbidity.     

Le sommeil des étudiants français en période de COVID-19 : Influence des deux premiers confinements sur la quantité et la qualité de sommeil

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in two periods of confinement during the year 2020 that led to changes in lifestyle patterns. The purpose of our study was to assess the impact of the lockdowns on the quantity (i.e., schedule and time in bed) and quality (i.e., difficulties and parasomnias) of sleep in French college students. During the first and second lockdowns, students were asked to answer an online questionnaire consisting of 23 questions. This questionnaire gathered information on the real and ideal schedules of getting up and going to bed, the time in bed, as well as the parasomnias and difficulties related to sleep (difficulties in falling asleep, waking up, lack of sleep feeling). The results showed that students slept later and spent more time in bed on week-ends than during the week, with these effects being more pronounced during the first confinement than during the second. The majority of students reported poor sleep quality, difficulty falling asleep, early awakening, and a feeling of sleep deprivation. The most common parasomnias were episodes of nightmares and sleepiness. Sleep difficulties and reported parasomnias were greater during the second confinement than during the first. Sleep debt, was still present during the lockdowns. The reported sleep difficulties and parasomnias reflect poor sleep quality, despite the reduction in social constraints. Explanatory hypotheses as well as prevention perspectives regarding sleep hygiene were considered.     

高一学生成就目标特征模式及学业适应:基于潜在剖面分析

本研究采用潜在剖面分析技术探究高中生成就目标的特征模式及学业适应。被试为732名来自北京、广东、福州和西安各一所高中的高一学生,本研究采用问卷法收集学生的成就目标取向、学习效能、学业自我阻碍、学习策略和考试焦虑的数据。结果发现：（1）学生中存在成功导向、学业淡漠、典型掌握导向和非典型掌握导向四种类型,其中,典型和非典型掌握导向型所占比例较高,成功导向型和学业淡漠型所占比例较低;（2）成功导向组学生在学习效能、学习策略、学业自我阻碍和考试焦虑上的得分最高,学业淡漠组在各学业适应指标上得分最低,典型和非典型掌握导向组得分处于成功导向组和学业淡漠组中间。本研究结果对预防和干预学业适应不良具有重要意义。     

被动性社交网站使用与社交焦虑：反刍思维和自我建构的作用

尽管被动性社交网站使用已经被证实为增强社交焦虑的重要风险因子,然而对其中介和调节机制依然知之甚少。当前研究旨在探索被动性社交网站使用、反刍思维、社交焦虑和自我建构的关系。614名大学生自愿参与了当前研究,并完成了一份包含被动性社交网站使用、反刍思维、社交焦虑和自我建构问卷的测验。结果表明被动性社交网站使用正向预测社交焦虑,而反刍思维完全中介了两者间的联系。调节分析表明自我建构调节了被动性社交网站使用对反刍思维的影响。条件间接效应分析进一步表明反刍思维的完全中介作用仅存在于依存型个体中。当前研究有助于加深对被动性社交网站使用如何影响个体社交焦虑的理解。     

中国内地大学生时间管理倾向的时代变迁：1999~2020

根据社会生态系统理论, 历时系统和宏观系统可能对个体时间管理倾向的发展具有重要意义, 但间接证据表明我国大学生时间管理倾向的发展趋势不明朗, 且相关研究缺乏从社会宏观视角的切入。基于此局限, 运用横断历史元分析的方法对1999到2020年间采用青少年时间管理倾向量表(ATMDI)的215篇文献进行分析(N = 103876)。结果发现：(1)我国大学生时间管理倾向水平总体呈缓慢下降趋势, 其中时间价值感保持稳定, 时间监控观和时间效能感呈下降趋势; (2)来自社会经济因素(GDP、居民消费水平、城镇化率)、就业因素(城镇登记失业率、普通高校毕业生人数)和网络因素(互联网普及率、网民每周互联网使用时长)的7项社会指标能显著预测大学生时间管理倾向的下降; (3)我国大学生时间管理倾向在性别和高校所在地上的差异不显著。研究结果为我国大学生时间管理倾向的时代变迁提供了证据支持, 从社会宏观因素的视角扩宽了大学生时间管理倾向的影响机制模型。