大学生自尊状况的调查研究

该研究的主要目的是对大学生的自尊状况进行描述分析。测量工具为Rosenberg的“自尊量表”。被试取自北京市3所高校的一至三年级大学生,共788人。结果显示,约80％接受调查的大学生显示高自尊,另外约20％的大学生显示低自尊。     

The four P’s of purpose among College Bound students: People,propensity, passion,prosocial benefits

Abstract

College preparation programs, such as College Bound, aim to increase low-income students’ preparation for achieving future goals. Yet, little research has examined the nature of these students’ future goals and purposes from their own perspectives. In this study, in-depth interviews with 10 adolescents (six males and four females) participating in College Bound were analyzed using a qualitative approach informed by grounded theory. Four interrelated themes related to the development of youth purpose emerged: (a) people; (b) propensity; (c) passion; and (d) prosocial benefits. These themes were further categorized across two major dimensions: influences (i.e. capability and motivation) and sources of such influences (i.e. intrinsic and extrinsic). Moreover, ways in which students’ unique social contexts contributed to their experiences of purpose are discussed. Findings inform an understanding of the development of purpose in underrepresented youth, as well as provide insights for programs designed to promote their positive development and post-secondary school success.     

Analysis and research on mental health of college students based on cognitive computing

In recent years, according to the survey, college students have frequent psychological problems, anxiety, depression, inferiority, interpersonal sensitivity and other psychological problems, and even more, even the idea of suicide. It has a very serious negative impact on the family and society. Children are the flowers of the motherland, and college students are the important cornerstone of the country's future development. Therefore, the mental health problems of college students are particularly important. Based on the research of cognitive computing, this paper combines the research data to analyze the influencing factors of mental health, analyzes the shortcomings of mental health education, and proposes corresponding ideas and solutions.     

网络社会排斥对大学生网络攻击行为及传统攻击行为的影响,疏离感的中介作用

为探讨网络社会排斥、疏离感、大学生网络攻击行为及传统攻击行为间的关系,选取600名大学生为被试,采用网络社会排斥问卷、一般疏离感量表、网络攻击行为量表及大学生攻击行为量表进行测试。结果表明：(1) 网络社会排斥、疏离感、大学生传统攻击行为及网络攻击行为两两之间均呈显著正相关;(2) 网络社会排斥对大学生网络攻击行为和传统攻击行为均具有显著的正向预测作用;(3) 疏离感在网络社会排斥对大学生网络攻击行为和传统攻击行为的影响中均起着部分中介作用。     

大学生宽恕行为抑制机制的个体差异多因素系统模型的初步建构

为探讨神经质特质、大学生宽恕行为、焦虑型依恋及攻击型幽默风格之间的关系,选取550名大学生为被试,采用大五人格问卷、情景宽恕问卷、成人依恋问卷及幽默风格量表进行测试。结果表明：（1）神经质对大学生宽恕行为有显著的正向影响,并间接地通过焦虑型依恋对大学生宽恕行为产生作用;（2）攻击型幽默风格在神经质对大学生宽恕行为的影响中起显著的调节作用,具体而言,在高攻击型幽默风格水平下,神经质对大学生宽恕行为的预测更强。     

Social cognitive predictors of college students’ academic performance and persistence: A meta-analytic path analysis

This study tested Social Cognitive Career Theory’s (SCCT) academic performance model using a two-stage approach that combined meta-analytic and structural equation modeling methodologies. Unbiased correlations obtained from a previously published meta-analysis [Robbins, S. B., Lauver, K., Le, H., Davis, D., & Langley, R. (2004). Do psychosocial and study skill factors predict college outcomes? A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 261–288.] were used to create the input correlation matrices for subsequent path-analytic tests of the model, using both college GPA and retention as performance criteria. Results suggested that SCCT does an adequate to excellent job of modeling academic performance and persistence, but that model fit was better when general cognitive ability versus high school GPA was used to operationalize the ability/past performance variable. Results are discussed in terms of their fit with SCCT and their practical implications.     

仪式崇拜与文化传播--古代书院祭祀的社会空间

现有的书院研究注重于其教学、藏书功能方面,而对于祭祀活动及其社会意义,缺乏必要的关照。书院并非单纯的教学组织,应该是具有多重功能的社会组织。书院祭祀仪式中的符号崇拜和符号消费,展现了书院在传播社会文化方面的重要作用。书院祭祀所体现的文化载体功能,表明了它作为社会组织在文化传播活动中的独特地位。     

Differential Daily Writing Contingencies and Performance on Major Multiple-Choice Exams

On 4 of 7 days in each unit of an undergraduate human development course, students responded in writing to specific questions related to instructor notes previously made available to them. The study compared the effects of three writing contingencies on the quality of student writing and performance on major multiple-choice exams in the course. The three contingencies were (1) receiving credit for all writing products each unit, (2) receiving credit for one randomly selected writing product each unit, and (3) receiving no credit for any writing product each unit. On all dimensions of exam performance, writing for daily credit produced higher scores than did writing for random credit and writing for no credit. The daily-writing contingency also produced the highest writing ratings across all units; the writing for random credit produced the next highest writing scores; and the writing for no credit yielded the lowest writing scores. Across all three contingencies, writing scores were highly correlated with performance on multiple-choice exams.     

大学生自主学习、成就目标定向与学业成就关系的研究

采用大学生自主学习量表、学业成就自评量表和自编的大学生成就目标定向问卷,以安徽省、江苏省、山东省667名大学生为被试,调查分析了大学生自主学习、成就目标定向与学业成就的关系。结果显示:(1)大学生自主学习对学业成就具有预测作用;(2)掌握目标、成绩接近目标对大学生自主学习具有预测作用;(3)掌握目标对大学生学业成就具有预测作用;(4)成就目标定向对学业成就既有直接作用,又有间接作用;自主学习在成就目标对学业成就的影响中发挥着重要的中介作用。     

The role of personality in the selection of a major: With and without vocational self-efficacy and interests

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of personality traits measured by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; [Tellegen, 2000] and [Tellegen and Waller, 2008]) in selecting educational majors. Personality traits were examined alone, and with the combination of Holland’s hexagonal confidence domains, as measured by the general confidence themes (GCT) of the Skills Confidence Inventory (SCI; Betz, Borgen, & Harmon, 2005), and Holland’s interest domains, as measured by the general occupational themes (GOTs) of the 2005 Strong Interest Inventory (SII; Donnay, Morris, Schaubhut, & Thompson, 2005). Personality traits significantly contributed to the discrimination of nine educational major families in a sample of 368 undergraduate decided students. When the set of confidence and interest scales was added to the personality traits, the conservative jack knife hit rate was almost doubled.