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41.
Mohamed Saliou Camara 《Contemporary Islam》2007,1(2):155-172
This article discusses the historical role of Islam in the political evolution of Guinea in the broader context of Muslims’
experience of nation/state building and globalization in Africa. This role is examined on the premise that Islam is one of
the major globalizing forces (more in the body of the paper on this idea of Islam as a globalizing force) responsible for
the formation of what experts have conceptualized as Africa’s “triple heritage” or the juncture of African traditional values,
Islamic influence, and the legacy of Western colonialism. The article examines Islam’s role in the creation of cultural identities,
territorial polities, and complex regional and trans-continental networks of trade and scholarship in pre-colonial West Africa;
the formation of fronts of resistance to European colonial conquest and occupation; and the mobilization of new nationalist
forces which sparked the national liberation struggle of the 1940s and 1950s in the region. The discussion of key concepts
such as nationalism, nation/state building, internationalism, and globalization exposes the limited applicability of existing
theories to the African experience by highlighting the complexity of post-colonial cultural reconstruction and nation building
on the continent. From this perspective, the article focuses upon the political and ideological contradictions having marked
the relations of the regime of the Parti Démocratique de Guinée (PDG) under President Ahmed Sékou Touré and conservative Guinean
Muslim circles in the early years of independence, due in part to Touré’s Marxist and socialist leanings of the time. Also
comprehensively discussed is this regime’s subsequent ideological incorporation and diplomatic use of Islam in an effort to
curb anti-PDG opposition at home and abroad and to free itself from isolation by the West. Hence, President Touré’s successful
policy of “offensive diplomatique” geared primarily toward Arab and Muslim nations and organizations but also, though somewhat
indirectly, toward Western powers, serves as an example of the dynamics of Islamic internationalism in Cold War global affairs.
Past experiences of party-centered and state-controlled regimentation of religious organizations under Touré’s state-party
regime is compared to the current trend of self-decentralization and self-internationalization of Islamic forces in light
of the challenges of religious radicalism and post-Cold War politics in Africa.
相似文献
Mohamed Saliou CamaraEmail: |
42.
Timothy P. Daniels 《Contemporary Islam》2007,1(3):231-246
Muslim liberals, moderates, and radical “jihadists,” together with the Indonesian government, condemned Danish caricatures of Prophet Muhammad as insulting and hateful. However,
the form of protest of these diverse segments of Indonesian Muslims was shaped by their ideological frameworks and political
agendas. The “mainstream” of Indonesia’s increasingly radical “moderate” Muslim community, as represented by Nahdlatul Ulama,
Muhammadiyah, and the Justice and Prosperity Party (PKS), squarely condemned the images within their particular perspectives,
while distancing themselves from the “anarchist” radical demonstrators. The Liberal Islam Network (JIL), dedicated to fighting
against “fundamentalists,” pointed out the role of detrimental fundamentalisms around the world. Several small radical groups,
MMI, FPI and HTI actively staged street demonstrations fitting this case into their ideological framework of jihad, defending Islam, and/or striving for an Islamic state. These varied responses are better understood as integral to ongoing
processes of radicalization, liberalization, and cultural and politico-jural Islamization.
相似文献
Timothy P. DanielsEmail: |
43.
Wiener J 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2007,52(1):51-69
This paper explores transference and countertransference dynamics in the supervisory relationship and their impact on the task of supervision. The development of analytic theory in relation to supervision is described and the value-and ambiguity-of the concepts of 'mirroring', 'parallel process' and 'reflective process' are discussed. The impact of organizational dynamics on the supervisory relationship is investigated in relation to four main unconscious forces: a) organizational defences, b) power and authority, c) accountability and responsibility, d) ethical concerns. Clinical situations which illustrate these issues are described and explored and used as a basis for examining the role of the supervisor's countertransference in supervision. The different framework of practice in supervision, as opposed to analysis, is described in terms of its focus, the supervisor's ways of responding and the dynamic process, and the concept of refracted countertransference is introduced and explained. 相似文献
44.
Majid Daneshgar 《Zygon》2020,55(4):1041-1057
This essay outlines the significance of understanding the relationship between Islam and science, particularly from the twentieth century onward. It mainly revolves around the viability of Darwin's evolutionary thought in the Muslim world, which is confronted by various groups of Muslim commentators and scholars. This study goes through various original sources, official documents, former unpublished theses, and Qur’ānic commentaries in Islamic languages from north Africa to the Malay-Indonesian world to display the uninterrupted challenge of Muslims with European science in general and European evolutionary thought in particular; an act which is not going to stop now, nor tomorrow. Finally, this essay aims to inform readers how a philosophical reading of Islam and science would be crucial before approving or rejecting any form of connection between the two, particularly in future. 相似文献
45.
Ayesha S. Chaudhry 《The Journal of religious ethics》2011,39(3):416-439
Chapter 4, verse 34 of the Qur'an permits husbands to physically discipline recalcitrant wives. Modern Muslims who find this husbandly privilege discomfiting often rely on Muhammad's prophetic practice to mitigate the meaning of this verse. In light of Muhammad's example of never hitting his own wives, as found in one prophetic report, they reinterpret the verse as restricting and/or voiding a husband's right to physically discipline his wife. This essay provides a critical and expository survey of prophetic reports related to the husbandly privilege to physically discipline wives. The essay argues that the modernists are correct in positing that Muhammad's prophetic practice was to morally censure husbands who hit their wives. However, taken as a whole, it is impossible to ignore that Muhammad's example also unilaterally upheld physical discipline as a husband's marital right. 相似文献
46.
47.
Ihsan Yilmaz 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》2014,25(2):181-192
This article argues on the basis of recent case law that the judges of the Pakistan Federal Shariat Court (FSC) have asserted their right to ijtihād and have indeed engaged in collective ijtihād. While in some areas, such as freedom of religion, Islamic law has been interpreted rigidly in a non-human-rights-friendly fashion in Pakistan, in some other areas, the flexibility and pluralism of Islamic law has been used to improve gender equality, women's rights and the right to family life. By using its constitutional powers, with its collective ijtihād, the FSC has been tackling the traditionally illiberal interpretation and application of Muslim laws in these areas. Regardless of the methodology and process of this ijtihādic endeavor, the output shows that the FSC has been either modifying the traditional ijtihāds or coming up with totally new ijtihāds to answer contemporary questions faced by Islamic law. The findings of the article once again challenge the views of scholars such as Schacht, Coulson and Chehata, who have argued that, by the fourth/tenth century, the essentials of Islamic legal doctrine were already fully formulated and that the doctrine remained fixed. 相似文献
48.
Much research has now documented the substantial influence of safety climate on a range of important outcomes in safety critical organizations, but there has been scant attention to the question of what factors might be responsible for positive or negative safety climate. The present paper draws from positive organizational behavior theory to test workplace and individual factors that may affect safety climate. Specifically, we explore the potential influence of authentic leadership style and psychological capital on safety climate and risk outcomes. Across two samples of offshore oil-workers and seafarers working on oil platform supply ships, structural equation modeling yielded results that support a model in which authentic leadership exerts a direct effect on safety climate, as well as an indirect effect via psychological capital. This study shows the importance of leadership qualities as well as psychological factors in shaping a positive work safety climate and lowering the risk of accidents. 相似文献
49.
Men of Honor Don't Talk: The Relationship Between Masculine Honor and Social Activism Against Criminal Organizations in Italy 下载免费PDF全文
Giovanni A. Travaglino Dominic Abrams Georgina Randsley de Moura 《Political psychology》2016,37(2):183-199
Criminal organizations have a strong influence on social, political, and economic life in Italy and other parts of the world. Nonetheless, local populations display collective passivity against organized crime, a phenomenon known as omertà. Omertà is linked to the concepts of honor and masculinity. That is, in order to fit ideological constructions of manliness, individuals should display indifference toward illegal activities and should not collaborate with legal institutions. In two studies, we investigated the link between endorsement of a masculine honor ideology and collective action intentions against criminal organizations (antimafia). Study 1 (N = 121) involved a Northern Italian sample, and Study 2 (N = 301) involved a Southern Italian sample. Across studies, results showed that endorsement of masculine honor ideology was associated with lower willingness to engage in social activism against criminal organizations. This relationship was mediated by attitudes toward criminal organizations (Study 1 and 2) and, in line with the notion of omertà, by lower levels of collective motive and more anxiety about interacting with police (Study 2). Directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
50.