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191.
Scott S. Hall Natalee P. Maynes Allan L. Reiss 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(1):171-176
Aversion to eye contact is a common behavior of individuals diagnosed with Fragile X syndrome (FXS); however, no studies to date have attempted to increase eye‐contact duration in these individuals. In this study, we employed a percentile reinforcement schedule with and without overcorrection to shape eye‐contact duration of 6 boys with FXS. Results showed that although aversion to eye contact is often thought to be unamenable to change in FXS, it can be shaped in some individuals using percentile schedules either alone or in combination with overcorrection. 相似文献
192.
林琳 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2008,29(6):18-19
生物反馈作为一种新兴的行为疗法,在治疗功能性结直肠病中发挥着越来越重要的作用,主要用于治疗功能性大便失禁和功能性便秘。根据目前的研究,依从性和心理状况是影响生物反馈疗效的主要因素。本文就生物反馈在功能性结直肠病中的应用及体会做一综述。 相似文献
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194.
审视我国现有法规对艾滋病防控的影响,剖析其在维护个体权益与促进公共卫生平衡中的挑战,以实证案例和艾滋病悖论为切入点,分析艾滋病刑事定罪涉及的伦理问题,提出科学、伦理和法律方面的应对策略。强调将艾滋病病毒传播作为一个公共卫生问题加以解决是最为有效的手段。在法规制定和司法实践中,应纳入科学事实和医学证据,避免过于宽泛的刑事定罪。在决策过程中,应全面考量生命伦理学原则,最大限度避免可能的交叉歧视、多重污名以及暴力伤害。此外,还应重视公共卫生视角下的补充或替代方案,确保干预措施积极有效。
相似文献195.
196.
Sotos syndrome is a congenital overgrowth disorder, associated with intellectual disability. Previous research suggests that Sotos syndrome may be associated with relative strength in verbal ability and relative weakness in non-verbal reasoning ability but this has not been explicitly assessed. To date, the cognitive profile of Sotos syndrome is unknown. Cognitive abilities of a large and representative sample of individuals with Sotos syndrome (N = 52) were assessed using the British Ability Scales (BAS3). The majority of participants had intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning. The cluster score profile analysis revealed a consistent verbal ability > non-verbal reasoning ability profile. Four specific criteria were proposed as the Sotos syndrome cognitive profile (SSCP): verbal ability > non-verbal reasoning ability; quantitative reasoning T-score or matrices T-score <20th percentile; quantitative reasoning T-score < mean T-score; recognition of designs T-score or recognition of pictures T-score > mean T-score. Of the 35 participants included in the profile analysis, 28 met all four SSCP criteria, yielding a sensitivity of 0.8. The sensitivity of each of the SSCP criteria was >0.9. Individuals with Sotos syndrome display a clear and consistent cognitive profile, characterized by relative strength in verbal ability and visuospatial memory but relative weakness in non-verbal reasoning ability and quantitative reasoning. This has important implications for the education of individuals with Sotos syndrome. 相似文献
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198.
Michael Simpson Angela Bennett Penelope Holland 《The Journal of analytical psychology》1997,42(2):191-199
The challenges of chronic fatigue syndrome (often called myalgic encephalomyelitis, especially in the UK) (CFS/ME) to analytical and medical approaches are connected with our inability to understand its distressing somatic symptoms in terms of a single identifiable and understandable disease entity. The evidence for the roles of viral aetiologies remains inconclusive, as does our understanding of the involvement of the immune system. The history and social context of CFS/ME, and its relation to neurasthenia and psychasthenia are sketched. A symbolic attitude to the condition may need to be rooted in an awareness of psychoid levels of operation, and the expression and spread of CFS/ME may sometimes be aided by the ravages of projective identification. Psychic denial, sometimes violent, in sufferers (especially children and adolescents) and their families may be important in the aetiology of CFS/ME. We draw out common threads from psychodynamic work with five cases, four showing some symptomatic improvement, analytic discussions of three cases being presented elsewhere in this issue of JAP. 相似文献
199.
As an introduction to this special issue, this article provides an overview of the worldwide influence of the work of Alexander R. Luria. a noted Russian neuropsychologist. Major themes and issues that he studied are reviewed, and the reasons for his strong worldwide influence are discussed. An overview of subsequent articles in this issue is provided. 相似文献
200.
This article reviews contemporary Russian research aimed at integrating and combining qualitative and quantitative evaluation approaches using Luria's procedures of neuropsychological assessment. A scoring system for rating and evaluating cognitive disturbances in different functional areas is described. The advantages of application of this system are discussed, using as examples the neuropsychological follow-up of neurosurgical patients, as well as neuropsychological research into the cognitive disturbances in patients with Parkinsonism and in children who are mentally retarded. The effectiveness of these updates to Luria's approach is demonstrated. 相似文献