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141.
This article explores young children's facility in phonological awareness tasks requiring either the detection or the articulation of head, coda, onset, and rime subsyllabic units shared in word pairs. Data are reported from 70 nonreading children and 21 precocious readers attending preschools. Prereading children were able to articulate shared heads, codas, and onsets, although rimes rarely were articulated. Precocious readers were able to articulate shared rimes, but articulation performance was still most accurate for onsets and codas. Rimes and heads were equally accessible in the detection task and were identified more often than onsets and codas (nonreaders) and codas (readers). It is concluded that the articulation advantage for nonrime units cannot simply reflect early reading instruction. This disjoint pattern of phonological awareness in detection and production tasks does not support Goswami's phonological status hypothesis. Results may instead reflect quite distinct influences on epilinguistic and metalinguistic phonological development. 相似文献
142.
The factors that predicted variability in responses to phonemic awareness training were investigated in kindergartners who live in poverty. Treatment children (n=42) received both analytic and synthetic phonemic awareness computer-assisted instruction, while controls (n=34) received no special training. Mean age of participants was approximately 5 years 7 months. Pretests included initial phonemic awareness, letter knowledge, word-level reading, invented spelling, vocabulary knowledge, and print concepts. Spelling skills emerged as the best consistent predictor of variability in phonemic awareness in response to instruction. We propose that relations between phonemic awareness and spelling skills are bidirectional: Spelling influenced growth in phonemic awareness and phonemic awareness contributed to growth in spelling skills. The amount of exposure that children had to the treatment intervention contributed uniquely to individual differences in posttest levels of phonemic awareness and spelling. 相似文献
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144.
意识和无意识知觉:注意和刺激特性间的相互补偿 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
该研究基于Exclusion任务,利用质的差异的研究范式,不仅确立了意识和无意识知觉在行为结果上的质的差异,而且发现刺激特性和注意在决定知觉意识时存在相互补偿的现象。在实验一中,当靶字短暂呈现时。被试用靶字补笔的比率高于基线水平;而当延长靶字呈现时间或提高对靶字的注意水平时,出现反转现象一用靶字补笔的比率低于基线水平。相对应地,在实验二中,分散注意条件下被试用靶字补笔的比率高于基线水平;而当注意集中或在分散注意条件下延长呈现时间时,出现了反转现象。 相似文献
145.
This teaching case illustrates the innovative application of an instructional technology modality, the WebQuest, in family
therapy training. It describes what a WebQuest involves, and how it can be used as a tool for developing critical thinking
and application of contemporary marriage and family therapy (MFT) theory to social and global issues. The authors discuss
the results of the survey and focus groups conducted to assess the value of this assignment from the students’ perspectives.
Results indicate that its application in a family therapy theories course fostered students’ awareness of global issues impacting
family life, integration of family therapy theories to serve children and families, creativity in developing their own intervention
models, and ability to discuss and integrate knowledge from different knowledge bases and perspectives. 相似文献
146.
语素意识在儿童汉语阅读中的作用 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
文章考察了语音意识、语素意识和命名速度在儿童汉语阅读中的作用。结果发现:语素意识和命名速度对汉字命名组词具有显著的预测作用;而语素意识和语音意识对同音字识别具有显著的预测作用。语素意识是唯一显著预测两种不同阅读任务的认知变量。对阅读障碍儿童所存在的缺陷进行分析,结果发现:76%的阅读障碍存在语素缺陷;相比之下,分别有43%和41%的阅读障碍存在语音缺陷和命名速度缺陷。结果表明汉语的语素意识在儿童阅读中具有重要作用,语素缺陷有可能成为儿童汉语阅读困难的主要原因。 相似文献
147.
动态视觉加工与儿童汉字阅读 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
使用视觉阈限测验、图片命名、字形相似性判断实验和语音意识等测验 ,考察了小学五年级儿童视觉加工技能与汉字阅读之间的关系。结果发现 :动态视觉加工与图片命名错误率、字形判断反应时和错误率、语音意识均有显著相关 ,静态视觉加工只与图片命名错误率相关显著 ;控制识字量后的偏相关分析显示 ,动态视觉加工与其他变量的相关关系不变 ,静态视觉加工与图片命名错误率的相关不再显著 ;回归分析发现动态视觉加工在识字量和语音意识的影响控制后 ,能够分别解释阅读流畅性、字形判断反应时和图片命名错误率 7%、2 5 %和 5 6 %的变化 ;语音意识能够解释识字量和阅读流畅性 9%和 10 %的变化 ;对差读者的动态视觉加工和语音意识分析发现 ,儿童在这两种测验上的个体差异很大。上述结果表明 ,阅读过程受基本知觉技能影响 ,动态视觉加工作用于汉字阅读的特定过程。 相似文献
148.
149.
阈下知觉研究中觉知状态测量方法的发展与启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
该文对近百年来围绕阈下知觉研究一直争论不休的觉知状态的测量方法进行了全面回顾,通过比较和分析在主观阈限和客观阈限以及不断改进后的其它觉知阈限测量方法条件下所获得的实验结果,并结合有关意识和无意识之间关系的理论假设,认为这种状况本身就否定了有关意识与无意识关系的排它观点。今后的研究应该跳出这一陷阱,并从无意识知觉如何影响有意识的行为以及阈下知觉的神经活动指标等方面开辟研究的新途径。 相似文献
150.
Alain Van Hiel Lobke Hautman Ilse Cornelis Barbara De Clercq 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2007,17(3):169-186
The emergence of research interest in group violence in general and football hooliganism in particular has been explained by various models generally relying on situational or individual differences accounts. Yet, these two research traditions have largely evolved independently, showing little or no interaction. In the present study (N = 109), we integrate measures of these two approaches and the results reveal that social identity was more predictive of self‐reported physical aggression than of loss of private and public self‐awareness. Moreover, attitudes towards violence were the most marked predictor variables of both physical and verbal aggression. In the discussion, the moderator effect of social identity and attitudes about violence on physical aggression is elaborated upon. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献