Développer l’apprentissage,la coopération et l’identité organisationnelle en milieu hospitalier Evaluation de l’impact d’un Dispositif d’Immersion Structuré

In this article we analyse the effects of an innovative approach adopted in a hospital institution. Using a specific framework, this approach consists of placing staff into a department other than their own. The objectives of this approach relate to cognition, identity and organisational behaviour. Based on thematic and structural analysis of 25 interviews, this evaluation shows that the effects of the intervention are consistent with the anticipated objectives on several levels: (1) learning about ways of functioning and working in the host department, (2) growth of co-operation between departments, (3) the development of a feeling of organisational belonging.     

中国儒家传统金融伦理思想初探

本文试图探讨儒家的金融伦理思想。文章认为:儒家由人性自利的基础出发,强调金融合理的自然主义立场;由此进一步导出仁义为本的民本主义;智勇兼重的理性精神;礼让为先的合作精神等主要金融伦理原则。这些原则与诚信原则、互利互惠原则、节俭原则等一起构造了中国古代金融伦理体系。我们应该积极有效地从这些资源中吸取养料,在改造发展的原则下为建设适应社会主义市场经济制度的崭新的金融体系而努力。     

Does he sound cooperative? Acoustic correlates of cooperativeness

The sound of the voice has several acoustic features that influence the perception of how cooperative the speaker is. It remains unknown, however, whether these acoustic features are associated with actual cooperative behaviour. This issue is crucial to disentangle whether inferences of traits from voices are based on stereotypes, or facilitate the detection of cooperative partners. The latter is likely due to the pleiotropic effect that testosterone has on both cooperative behaviours and acoustic features. In the present study, we quantified the cooperativeness of native French-speaking men in a one-shot public good game. We also measured mean fundamental frequency, pitch variations, roughness, and breathiness from spontaneous speech recordings of the same men and collected saliva samples to measure their testosterone levels. Our results showed that men with lower-pitched voices and greater pitch variations were more cooperative. However, testosterone did not influence cooperative behaviours or acoustic features. Our finding provides the first evidence of the acoustic correlates of cooperative behaviour. When considered in combination with the literature on the detection of cooperativeness from faces, the results imply that assessment of cooperative behaviour would be improved by simultaneous consideration of visual and auditory cues.     

人际合作与冲突影响博弈决策的结果评价

人际合作与冲突是人际互动的两种主要形式, 在人类社会的发展中有着重要作用。脑成像研究表明, 当个体和人类同伴进行博弈时, 选择合作与选择冲突激活脑区的强度有所不同。但目前尚不清楚, 人际合作与冲突如何影响决策选择之后的结果评价过程。本研究采用Chicken Game任务对此问题进行了探讨, 研究记录了22名健康成人被试与人类同伴进行Chicken Game任务时的脑电活动。结果表明, 反馈负波(FRN)和P300不仅受到结果效价的影响, 同时也受到人际合作与冲突的影响。相对于选择冲突, 个体选择合作时, 输钱和赢钱反馈引发的FRN以及P300波幅差异更大。相关分析表明, RA (被试和解对方进攻)反馈引发的FRN波幅与接受该反馈后下一个trials中和解的选择率(以及总的和解率)呈显著的负相关。上述结果表明, 在社会博弈中, 合作增加了个体对博弈结果的预期, 从而引发更大的FRN效应; 并且合作共赢的结果所具有的物质意义与社会意义, 使其诱发更大的P300波幅。     

社会困境问题的理论架构与实验研究

社会困境是指个体理性导致集体非理性这样的情境。社会困境研究的推进要求一个新的框架来理解已有理论, 这一框架将这些理论区分为宏观、中观和微观三个层面。实验研究依据这些不同层面的理论, 以实验游戏为工具来探讨人们在面临社会困境时做出选择的心理机制及其影响因素, 从而对社会困境问题发展出相应的问题解决路径。理论的发展、实验任务本身的改进以及研究的外在效度预示了通过实验方法来研究社会困境问题有着广阔的前景。     

社会决策：自我利益与他人利益的权衡

自我利益与他人利益之间的冲突是社会决策中最重要的心理冲突之一。在自我利益与他人利益中寻求平衡是社会决策的关键。西方经济学理论在很长一段时间里认为,追求自我利益是人类行为的唯一动机。近年来越来越多的理论和实证研究表明在社会互动中,人类同时也会关心他人的利益。本文试图将自我利益和他人利益作为社会决策中利益权衡的两端,综合起来阐释诸如合作、利他、公平、利己等人类社会决策行为的重要概念,力图将纷繁的概念整合到统一、清晰的框架中。     

协作还是斗争——心理障碍治疗百年

长期以来,在心理障碍治疗领域存在着心理治疗师与精神科医生的相互斗争,从协作的角度对心理治疗百年史进行回顾,认为百年心理治疗史实际上是心理医生与临床医生相互斗争走向协作的历史。这一过程可大致区分为自发、附属、斗争到整合四大阶段。就长远来看,在心理障碍的治疗中,这两类专业人员的相互配合是不可避免的。