Enhancing job satisfaction perspectives: Combining Holland themes and basic interests

Investigations addressing the match between vocational interests and satisfaction have emphasized higher-order dimensions (e.g., Holland themes) and specific occupational scales. Although support exists at these levels of analysis for the hypothesis that congruence between interests and work environments yields satisfaction, limitations of these perspectives frequently result in small effect sizes or inconclusive results. This study examined the capacity of content scales of the 2005 Strong Interest Inventory, including the General Occupational Themes (GOTs) and Basic Interest Scales (BISs), in predicting job satisfaction across 22 samples comprising 9647 working adults. Hypothesized multivariate sets of content scales, and predicted individual GOTs and BISs demonstrated significant group differences. Sequential discriminant function analyses demonstrated that sets of hypothesized BISs significantly distinguished between satisfied and dissatisfied workers beyond the six Holland themes in 17 of the 22 occupational samples. The authors discuss practical implications of interpreting BISs to augment Holland themes related to job satisfaction.     

Long-term stability in the Big Five personality traits in adulthood

This study investigated the stability of the Big Five personality traits in adulthood from age 33 to 42. Participants (89 men, 103 women) were drawn from the ongoing Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development. The results showed that the mean‐level of Neuroticism decreased whereas the mean‐level of Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness increased from age 33 to 42. The Structural Equation Modeling analyses revealed both gender differences and similarities in the rank‐order stability of the Big Five: Neuroticism and Extraversion were more stable in men than in women, whereas Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were as stable in men as in women. Stability coefficients for the Big Five personality traits across 9 years were moderate to high, ranging from 0.73 to 0.97 in men and from 0.65 to 0.95 in women. The highest gender‐equal stability was found for Openness to Experience and the lowest for Conscientiousness.     

Adolescent psychopathy features: 6-year temporal stability and the prediction of externalizing symptoms during the transition to adulthood

This study investigated the 6-year stability and predictive validity of adolescent psychopathy features during the transition to young adulthood. It represents one of the longest outcome studies of youth psychopathy to date, and therefore addresses a primary criticism of the research area (i.e., lack of demonstrated associations between child and adult psychopathy features). Recruited participants were 475 males enrolled in the Minnesota Twin and Family Study who had completed a research-based measure of psychopathy features consisting of separate emotional detachment (or affective) and antisocial tendencies (or behavioral) subscales. These psychopathy features and various externalizing symptoms (i.e., conduct problems, impulsivity, and substance use disorder) were assessed through rating scales and structured diagnostic interview at an intake assessment (ages 16-18) and 6-year follow-up. Consistent with prediction, adolescent psychopathy features displayed moderate stability across the transition from adolescence to adulthood [intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) = 0.40-0.41]. The antisocial tendencies subscale was uniquely related to most externalizing symptoms both in adolescence and in adulthood, whereas the emotional detachment subscale showed appropriate discriminant validity in its lack of association with externalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that psychopathy features are relatively stable from adolescence to adulthood and provide possible insights into the development and maintenance of externalizing difficulties during the adult transition.     

Organizational embeddedness and occupational embeddedness across career stages

This article proposes a theoretical framework to study organizational embeddedness and occupational embeddedness. Organizational embeddedness is the totality of forces (fit, links, and sacrifices) that keep people in their current organizations, while occupational embeddedness is the totality of forces (fit, links, and sacrifices) that keep people in their current occupations. The proposed framework identifies the antecedents of these parallel processes and when and why they can diverge. It also highlights the role that individuals’ career stages play in the embedding process. The article concludes with a discussion of avenues for future research on job turnover and occupation change and implications for management practice.     

从婴儿期到成年期的依恋稳定性

Bowlby依恋理论的核心假设是婴儿时期的依恋模型影响着个体成年时的依恋表征,这涉及依恋稳定性的问题.围绕这一问题,很多心理学家开展了实证研究.随着成人依恋访谈的出现,人们开始进行长期的追踪研究.人们对于早期依恋表征是如何影响成人依恋模型的内在机制,形成了修正论和原型论两种观点.本文主要介绍依恋稳定性的研究进展和内在机制的理论探讨,并就当前依恋稳定性研究的不足进行展望.     

The Crystallization of Contemporary Racial Prejudice across the Lifespan

The conventional wisdom is that racial prejudice remains largely stable through adulthood. However, very little is known about the development of contemporary racial attitudes like symbolic racism. The growing crystallization of symbolic racism through the lifespan is tested using two data sets that measure the stability, consistency, and predictive validity of symbolic racism in samples ranging in age from young adults to the elderly. The results provide evidence that the crystallization of symbolic racism generally takes on a curvilinear trajectory across the lifespan, showing that it is already largely crystallized by voting age, that it continues to crystallize still further through adulthood and that it begins to decline in coherence in late adulthood. The results generally provide evidence confirming early speculations of symbolic racism theorists concerning the crystallization of symbolic racism across the lifespan and are discussed in terms of different theoretical perspectives on the relationship between aging and attitudes more generally.     

儿童2～4岁行为抑制的稳定性

采用实验室观察法研究了儿童行为抑制性发展的稳定性特征。被试为追踪样本,随机选取北京市124名儿童,经家长同意参加本项追踪项目。2岁时,有124名儿童参加本实验,在不同的陌生情景下对儿童行为进行录像观察,每次一对儿童和母亲。4岁时,有103名儿童参加实验室观察,21名儿童由于搬迁、失约或中途退出而没有数据;在观察室,每次邀请四名过完四岁生日不久的同龄、同性别、但父母评价害羞程度不同的、彼此陌生的儿童同时来到实验室作观察。结果表明：就整体而言,儿童在2岁时的行为抑制性特征与其4岁时的行为抑制性特征相关显著,但稳定性程度较低(0．294);通过对极端组和非极端组儿童的行为抑制性的稳定程度的比较发现,极端组儿童,无论是极端非抑制儿童还是极端抑制儿童,其行为特征的保持程度要好于非极端组;对儿童4岁时行为抑制性的性别差异检验虽然没有达到显著性水平(t＝-1．776,p＝0．079),但男孩总体上有非抑制性倾向(抑制性的平均分数为-0．2420),女孩有抑制性倾向(女孩的平均抑制性分数为0．2035)。     

Do Older Adults and Those Recovered from Low Back Injury Share Common Muscle Activation Adaptations?

Theoretical models suggest trunk muscle activation compensates for spinal systems impairments. The purpose of this study was to determine if two populations (older adults and those recovered from a lower back injury (rLBI)) with spinal system impairments have similar muscle activation patterns to each other, but differ from controls. Trunk electromyograms collected from 12 older adults, 16 rLBI, and 19 controls during two dynamic tasks showed that older adults and rLBI had higher activation amplitudes, sustained temporal and more synergistic activation relative to controls. However, differences found between older adults and rLBI suggest that spinal system impairments differed between groups or that recent pain (rLBI) uniquely influenced muscle activation. This sheds light on our understanding of the relationship between spinal system impairments and muscle activation.