疼痛治疗方法在晚期癌痛病人中的应用

癌症是当今严重威胁人类健康和生命的疾病之一。解除癌症疼痛对改善晚期癌症患者的生存质量、延长生存期都具有十分重要的意义。癌痛的诊断和合理的疼痛评估是治疗癌痛的基础。癌症疼痛的治疗方法虽有多种,但其目的就是使用最佳方法解除患者痛苦,消除疼痛,从而提高生存质量。因此本文从科学的角度对晚期癌痛的治疗方法进行评价和阐述。     

Asymptotic Densities in Logic and Type Theory

This paper presents a systematic approach for obtaining results from the area of quantitative investigations in logic and type theory. We investigate the proportion between tautologies (inhabited types) of a given length n against the number of all formulas (types) of length n. We investigate an asymptotic behavior of this fraction. Furthermore, we characterize the relation between number of premises of implicational formula (type) and the asymptotic probability of finding such formula among the all ones. We also deal with a distribution of these asymptotic probabilities. Using the same approach we also prove that the probability that randomly chosen fourth order type (or type of the order not greater than 4), which admits decidable lambda definability problem, is zero. Presented by Jacek Malinowski     

Context Effects on Musical Chord Categorization: Different Forms of Top‐Down Feedback in Speech and Music?

A critical issue in perception is the manner in which top-down expectancies guide lower level perceptual processes. In speech, a common paradigm is to construct continua ranging between two phonetic endpoints and to determine how higher level lexical context influences the perceived boundary. We applied this approach to music, presenting participants with major/minor triad continua after brief musical contexts. Two experiments yielded results that differed from classic results in speech perception. In speech, context generally expands the category of the expected stimuli. We found the opposite in music: The major/minor boundary shifted toward the expected category, contracting it. Together, these experiments support the hypothesis that musical expectancy can feed back to affect lower-level perceptual processes. However, it may do so in a way that differs fundamentally from what has been seen in other domains.     

犯罪心理学研究方法论再探

犯罪心理学以辩证唯物论为指导,坚持客观性与主观性统一、社会性与生物性兼顾、内因与外因并重、理论与实践结合;以"新二三论"、"老三论"的观点,整体地,联系地、动态地认识和研究犯罪心理现象;根据犯罪心理学研究对象的特点,体现研究方法的多元化,逐渐形成了六种研究类型:横断研究与纵向研究、内省研究与客观观察研究、定量研究与质的研究、整体研究与分析研究、个案研究与群体研究、常规研究与现代科技手段运用研究.     

儿童攻击行为的多方法测评研究

儿童攻击测评方法的有效性和准确性直接决定着该领域研究的水平和质量,因而测评方法的研究是该领域研究的基础性任务。本研究以济南城区三所幼儿园的177名3～4岁儿童为被试,同时运用自然观察法、母亲评定法、教师评定法和同伴提名法评定儿童攻击,采用常规统计方法和结构方程模型评估四种测评的适用特点。得出如下主要结论:1、自然观察法、同伴提名法、教师评定法和母亲评定法具有中高程度的信效度,但各有优缺点,适用研究对象不同;2、测评模型与实测数据拟合良好,同时采用多种方法可以更为准确有效地测评儿童的攻击行为。     

2型糖尿病医疗后果评价指标体系的系统论

用系统论的观点分析2型糖尿病医疗后果评价指标体系的整体观、动态相关性和最优化原则,提出2型糖尿病医疗后果评价指标体系的概念框架,为全面、系统评价2型糖尿病的医疗后果和提出优化医疗方案提供科学依据.     

中医要有自己的金标准

中医作为一门古代科学,它有自身的科学方法,最主要的是信息处理的方法.应当遵循中医本身的客观规律,运用现代信息处理技术研究中医,逐步建立中医自己的金标准.     

Paul Everett Meehl

A brilliant thinker and a gifted teacher, Paul Meehl’s love for and dedication to the philosophy of science did not lead him, as it seems to have led others, to assume that all minds have the same structure and differ only parametrically. One of Meehl’s main interests in the latter part of his career was in taxometric methods for identifying psychological types or taxa. Another taxonomic method seeks traits that are very similar, for genetic reasons, in monozygotic twins, but not in other sib pairs. These emergenic traits may be more common than previously realized. Two examples are briefly discussed.     

Paul Meehl and the evolution of statistical methods in psychology

In his landmark 1978 paper, Paul Meehl delineated, with remarkable clarity, some fundamental challenges facing soft psychology as it attempts to test theory with data. In the quarter century that followed, Meehl’s views stimulated much debate and progress, while continually evolving to keep pace with that progress. This paper pays homage to Meehl’s prescience, and traces the impact of his ideas on the recent shift of emphasis away from hypothesis testing and toward confidence interval estimates of effect size.     

生命伦理学挑战和机遇:人类行为学时代

2002年11月绘制思想图计划在自然杂志上发表(Nature 420:121,2002).它具有从发展对于跨文化和多学科的生命伦理学的描述性方法,到制定代表更多少数人想法和观点的下策的几个目的.为了获得绘制想法的最适当的方法,绘制思想图计划设立了个方法组,其目的是发展平行的方法,建立一个对行为进行描述的全面基本的结构.对于确定第二年计划应该向哪个方向发展和集中精力于何处,我们考虑了一些方法组的意见.我们邀请更多的人成为这个计划的参与者.