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91.
James A.T. Lancaster 《Zygon》2011,46(1):26-46
Abstract. This paper examines the impact of two formalizations of evolutionary biology on the antiselectionist critiques of the Intelligent Design (ID) movement. It looks first at attempts to apply the syntactic framework of the physical sciences to biology in the twentieth century, and to their effect upon the ID movement. It then examines the more heuristic account of biological‐theory structure, namely, the semantic model. Finally, it concludes by advocating the semantic conception and emphasizing the problems that the semantic model creates for ID's negative and positive theses. 相似文献
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The aim of our research project is to study what contribution the new technologies can bring to teaching and learning. So, we have chosen a pluridiciplinary approach, combining the exploration of computer potentialities with the integration of research studies about the learning application. The application is a tutor module of AMICAL project (Architecture Multi-agent Interactive Compagnon pour l'Apprentissage de la Lecture). The issue is to determine and to explain the knowledge at work in a teaching process. To begin with, we shall explain the different decision-making processes, which characterize the teaching act. In a second part, we shall describe the processes of knowledge determination and modelling. 相似文献
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Donald S. Borrett Saad Khan Cynthia Lam Danni Li Hoa B. Nguyen Hon C. Kwan 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2006,5(3-4):351-363
The phenomenological goal of grounding the content of conceptual thought in the background understanding of everyday, skillful coping was approached using evolutionary autonomous agent (EAA) methodology. The behavior of an EAA evolved to perform a specified motor task was identified with skillful coping. Changes in the dynamics of the EAA controller occurred when the EAA encountered an unexpected obstacle with loss of longer time scale components in its hierarchical temporal organization. These temporal changes are consistent with the phenomenological changes which we experience with breakdown during equipment use with our adoption of a more immediate, determinate stance. Since this latter experience is the basis of conceptual thought, the EAA paradigm goes some way in providing a naturalized explanation for the grounding of the content of conceptual thought in everyday, skillful coping in a manner that is physiologically plausible and phenomenologically accurate. 相似文献
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任南 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2008,29(4):13-15
手术部位感染在所有医院感染中占第三位,大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、表皮葡萄球菌和肠球菌属是主要病原菌,是外科临床十分关心的问题,围手术期预防使用抗菌药物能降低外科部位感染的发生率。在围手术期使用抗菌药物中,应针对不同部位的手术以及可能的病原体以及本院或本地区病原体药物的敏感性选择抗菌药物,同时应注意给要时间应在手术前30min-1h静脉使用足量抗菌药物,以保持抗菌药物的有效浓度覆盖整个手术过程。预防手术部位感染同时应关注其他综合性预防措施。 相似文献
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In this paper, we provide a logical formalization of the emotion triggering process and of its relationship with mental attitudes,
as described in Ortony, Clore, and Collins’s theory. We argue that modal logics are particularly adapted to represent agents’
mental attitudes and to reason about them, and use a specific modal logic that we call Logic of Emotions in order to provide
logical definitions of all but two of their 22 emotions. While these definitions may be subject to debate, we show that they
allow to reason about emotions and to draw interesting conclusions from the theory. 相似文献
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Although the change of beliefs in the face of new information has been widely studied with some success, the revision of other
mental states has received little attention from the theoretical perspective. In particular, intentions are widely recognised as being a key attitude for rational agents, and while several formal theories of intention have been
proposed in the literature, the logic of intention revision has been hardly considered. There are several reasons for this: perhaps most importantly, intentions are very closely connected
with other mental states—in particular, beliefs about the future and the abilities of the agent. So, we cannot study them
in isolation. We must consider the interplay between intention revision and the revision of other mental states, which complicates
the picture considerably. In this paper, we present some first steps towards a theory of intention revision. We develop a
simple model of an agent’s mental states, and define intention revision operators. Using this model, we develop a logic of
intention dynamics, and then investigate some of its properties. 相似文献
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The number of older drivers on the roadways is increasing; at the same time, technology in the automotive environment is rapidly evolving. To investigate the potential impact of these converging changes, this study used a cross-generational approach to compare driver attitudes toward advanced automotive technologies. Approximately 1000 drivers between the ages of 18 and 85 located across the United States responded to a survey about their opinions regarding general technology, advanced in-vehicle technology, and near-horizon connected vehicle systems. Participant responses were categorized using a generational construct, sorting responses not only by age but by shared life experiences (e.g. economic circumstances, involvement in wartime activities, cultural movements, etc.). The oldest generation (the “Silent” generation) exhibited the least interest in and comfort with advanced technology, although they owned and used advanced in-vehicle technology at approximately the same rates as the two middle generations. The youngest generation (the “Millennial” generation) was most likely to be interested in and comfortable with technology, but was least likely to own vehicles with advanced technology. All participants expressed interest in safety-related connected vehicle systems, but less so in infotainment applications. Reservations regarding data security and system cost were shared across generations. These findings are framed in the context of an aging population with unique driving and vehicle needs, and provide information that may assist both with vehicle technology design aspects and the proposed large-scale implementation of connected vehicle systems, including considerations for seniors and emphasis on safety systems and data security. 相似文献