Issues and Strategies for Studying Latino Student Dropout at the Local Level

Latino student dropout is a national concern that must also be addressed strategically in local communities. Although national studies are important for pointing out areas of concern, local studies can provide more specific information for local policy development and implementation. This paper presents an example of local community-initiated needs assessment that addresses issues of Latino access to education. Focus groups and interviews were held with Latino students, parents, and community leaders as well as teachers and administrators. Issues and strategies of the needs assessment process are presented, which include involving key stakeholders, engaging community members as research partners, and engaging school personnel. General findings are presented and linked to accomplishments of the needs assessment process, such as increasing community awareness of issues and building commitment to implement strategies identified to reduce Latino student dropout.     

中学生心理素质特点的初步研究

运用问卷调查和因素分析等量性研究方法 ,结合技术性文献分析、开放性译码、主轴译码等扎根理论质性研究方法 ,对中学生心理素质概念和成分进行了探讨。中学生心理素质是以生理条件为基础的 ,将外在获得的东西内化成稳定的、基本的、衍生的 ,并与人的社会适应行为和创造行为密切联系的心理品质 ,包含认知特性、个性和适应性三个维度 ,具体化为 1 8个因素成分。编制的中学生心理素质量表具有较高的信度和效度。中学生心理素质表现出性别、年级的特点 ,从年级发展趋势来看 ,呈现高二 >初二 >初一 >高一 >高三 >初三的年级发展走向。     

国外政治心理学研究的现状与展望

政治心理学是研究政治过程和心理过程相互作用规律的科学。本文论述了国外政治心理学发展的历史背景与进程,阐明了目前国外政治心理学研究的现状：对政治个体、政治群体、国际政治的研究。分析了国外政治心理学未来的发展方向：理论化和系统化;重视政治心理学双向互动机制的研究;关注国际政治中的心理问题;研究方法兼收并蓄。     

贫困优秀学生的人格特征研究

本文以关注贫困优秀学生的全面健康发展为目的,以上海市久隆模范中学的贫困优秀学生为被试．采用中小学团体智力量表、SCL-90心理健康自评量表、Y-G人格测验、学习适应性测验四种测查工具,结果发现①贫困优秀学生具有很好的学习潜能,其学习的适应性高、学习的能动性强：②由于长期生活在贫困家庭,贫困优秀学生的心理健康水平较低,其性格也存在一定的缺陷,需要社会、学校给予更多的关心和引导;③对贫困优秀生的健康人格的培养和教育胜于知识的教育,只有一以贯之地予以心理支持方能使其知识、能力、人格和谐地发展。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术研究中的哲理

冠状动脉旁路移植术被广泛用来治疗冠心病及其并发症,其发展历程体现了以人为本、全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观.科学发展观属于重要的哲学思想,它从世界现和方法论的角度认识、把握和指导发展,是顺应时代潮流的发展现.分析冠状动脉旁路移植术研究所体现的科学发展观,将对准确把握冠状动脉旁路移植术发展的趋向和特点,使我国冠脉外科的发展在21世纪赶超国际先进水平起到重要的作用.     

经络实质的思辨

通过对古人认识经络方法的综合分析,结合现代有关研究,论证了经络是古人在总结对人体生命现象多方面客观认识的基础上,经过古代哲学抽象所形成的理论路线图,而非一种独立的客观实体.肯定了腧穴-脏腑相关性的存在,否定了循经感传即经络的假说,并强调了研究人体体表-脏腑相关性的重要性.     

认知闭合需要研究梳理与未来走向

认知闭合需要反应了个体在不确定情景中的认知动机, 在信息爆炸不断加重认知负荷的今天具有重要研究意义。研究梳理了认知闭合需要的概念结构与测量工具, 总结了近30年来相关研究在人格特质、信息加工、决策偏好、态度信念和精神健康等领域的研究结果, 最终指出区分“能力”和“动机”是未来研究的正确走向。此外, 未来的研究还应深入探讨认知闭合需要的概念与结构, 正确使用和合理开发相关测量工具, 并且丰富对其前因变量的实证研究。     

Are country level prevalences of rule violations associated with knowledge overclaiming among students?

Cultural norms of behaviour influence desirable and problematic behaviours of individuals. In particular, cultural norms should influence individuals' dishonesty. In a recent Nature study, prevalence of rule violations was introduced as a new country‐level measure of behavioural norms. However, information on individuals' actual honesty was not available due to characteristics of the experimental design. Overcoming this limitation, we show that country‐level behavioural norms are related to individual‐level knowledge overclaiming behaviour (i.e., claiming to know concepts that do not exist, a measure of individuals' actual behavioural dishonesty) among 290,954 students from 57 countries (from the 2012 PISA study). Our study represents a crucial test of the argument that cultural norms influence individual's behaviour and of the validity of the measurement of countries' prevalences of rule violations. These results imply that shaping the behaviour of today's students may result in new behavioural norms that emphasise honesty and rule adherence more strongly.     

Obsessive and harmonious passion in physically active Spanish and Hungarian men and women: A brief report on cultural and gender differences

Increased research on passion in exercise calls for direct examination of possible moderating variables, such as culture and gender, that could influence the interpretation of the research results. This study using a nation by gender between‐participants design, examined differences in obsessive‐ and harmonious passion in Spanish and Hungarian physically active individuals. Participants (n = 1002) completed the Passion Scale, reported their gender, age and weekly hours of physical activity. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that the experiencing of physical activity‐related obsessive‐ and harmonious passion differed between the 2 countries and Hungarian women scored significantly higher on harmonious and obsessive passion than Spanish women. However, Hungarian men only scored significantly higher on obsessive passion, but not harmonious passion compared to Spanish men. These results suggest that gender and cultural differences are likely to affect the interpretation and generalisation of research on passion and exercise.     

When Problems Lead to Ideas: The Roles of Daily Vigor and Social Interactions

In this study, we investigate idea generation by conducting a diary study. We hypothesized that idea generation depends on problem identification, and that this relation is moderated by two factors: (a) the number of social interactions an individual has with “non‐redundant” network connections, and (b) an individual's level of vigor. The hypotheses were tested by making use of a diary study among 31 employees of a Dutch applied university over a period of 2 weeks. Results showed that idea generation results from the identification of problems that require new ideas to solve them. An individual's number of social interactions and the level of redundancy of these social interactions moderated this relation. The level of vigor of an individual did not predict idea generation, but results suggest that vigor is needed for interacting with others. Furthermore, this study contributes to the creativity research using a new approach to look at the effects of social interactions by relating them to the overall structure of social networks.